Ação do extrato de própolis nas Leishmaniose

Abstract

ResumoA leishmaniose causa mortalidade e morbidade em mais de 80 países e caracteriza-se como uma doença parasitária com diversas manifestações, por isso constitui um sério problema de saúde pública. No Novo Mundo ocorre a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) e Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA). A LTA é considerada uma enfermidade polimórfica, espectral da pele e das mucosas, agrupada em diferentes formas clínicas: a leishmaniose cutânea, a cutaneomucosa e a cutânea difusa. A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda os antimoniais pentavalentes como drogas de primeira escolha no tratamento da leishmaniose. Entretanto, devido aos efeitos indesejados dessas drogas, tem sido proposto o estudo para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos para seu tratamento. Assim, tem-se investigado o uso da própolis, visto que está relacionada a muitas atividades biológicas, como antibacteriana, antifúngica, antiulcerativa, antiviral, antiprotozoária, antiinflamatória, hepatoprotetora, antioxidante, antitumoral, entre outras. Estudos recentes mostraram que a própolis verde ativa macrófagos e estimula os linfócitos B a produzirem anticorpos. A própolis tem demonstrado potencial atividade leishmanicida, por diminuir o diâmetro das lesões, causar alterações morfológicas nas formas promastigotas ou ainda por melhorar a resposta imunológica frente às Leishmanias, ativando macrófagos.Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar as principais atividades leishmanicidas da própolis, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica eletrônica no PubMed e Scielo durante o ano de 2009 Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose. Própolis. Ação antiprotozoária.Leishmaniasis is a public health problem causing morbidity and mortality in over 80 countries and features a parasitic disease with several manifestations. In the New World occur Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). The ACL is considered a disease polymorphic of skin and mucous membranes, grouped in different clinical forms: cutaneous leishmaniasis in the skin and mucosa and diffuse cutaneous, and the evolution of this disease is closely related to the mechanisms of escape of the protozoan Leishmania from the immune response, allowing the development of the disease and consequently the onset of clinical manifestations known. The World Health Organization recommends the pentavalent antimony as the first choice drugs. However, they usually give unsatisfactory results, requiring the development of new and affordable drugs for its treatment. It has been investigated that use of propolis it is related to exhibit several biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal,

Parasite Killing of Leishmania (V) braziliensis by Standardized Propolis Extracts

“…Several studies have shown antileishmanial effects in vitro and in vivo in Leishmania parasites using murine models employing propolis extracts from different sources, including propolis from Paraná, red propolis from Alagoas, and green propolis from Minas Gerais in Brazil [14, 26, 27, 40–43]. …”

“…Propolis, a complex and resinous substance composed of variable vegetable sources and honeybee secretions [ 20 , 38 ], has a broad spectrum of biological effects and, therefore, has attracted the attention of scientists as an alternative to traditional treatment in several diseases [ 15 , 39 ]. Several studies have shown antileishmanial effects in vitro and in vivo in Leishmania parasites using murine models employing propolis extracts from different sources, including propolis from Paraná, red propolis from Alagoas, and green propolis from Minas Gerais in Brazil [ 14 , 26 , 27 , 40 – 43 ].…”

“…Propolis, a natural compound produced by Apis mellifera honeybees, has been widely used in traditional applications [ 14 ]. This substance has shown promising results against different infectious agents and exhibits a broad spectrum of biological properties [ 15 – 18 ].…”

Effect of dietary supplementation with propolis and Aloe barbadensis extracts on hematological parameters and parasitism in Nile tilapia

“…Ayres et al (2007) reported that, in vitro, there was a decrease in Leishmania amazonensis infection after propolis administration. Oda et al (2011) explained that the mechanisms through which propolis extracts exert their leishmanicidal effect in vivo are unclear, but activation of macrophages has been suggested as a mechanism. Macrophages are involved in functions such as phagocytosis, enzyme release, generation of free radicals and mediation of inflammatory processes.…”

“…Macrophages are involved in functions such as phagocytosis, enzyme release, generation of free radicals and mediation of inflammatory processes. It has been suggested that propolis may act towards production of microbicidal substances by macrophages (ORSI et al, 2000), through stimulating the response or decreasing the diameter of the lesions caused by the presence of parasites in the tissues of the host organism (ODA et al, 2011).…”