Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient: An autopsy case report

Reddy, Rajesh; Vijayasaradhi, Mudumba; Uppin, Megha S; Challa, Sundaram; Jabeen, Afshan; Borghain, Rupam

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01151.x

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the patient showed the Acanthamoeba (polygonal) cysts on Gram stain and calcofluor white stain. However, a coculture with E. coli was unsuccessful in isolating the organism [19]. …”

Section: Microbial Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiological Spectrum of Brain Abscess at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: 24-Year Data and Review

Lakshmi

Umabala

Anuradha

et al. 2011

Pathology Research International

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Intracranial abscesses are life-threatening infections that pose a diagnostic challenge not only to the neurosurgeon but also to the microbiologists. Detailed studies documenting the spectrum of infecting agents involved in brain abscesses are limited from India. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective analysis of 352 samples from 1987 to 2010 analyzed at a tertiary care hospital in South India from 1987 to 2010, to document the changing trends with time. Results. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 80 years, a larger number of males being affected. Otogenic infections were the most common cause while cryptogenic abscesses were 20%. Gram stain and culture positivity were 78% each. Gram-positive and negative facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes were also on the rise. Unusual organisms, like Burkholderia pseudomallei, Salmonella typhi, Nocardia species, Cladosporium bantiana, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Entamoeba histolytica, and Acanthamoeba were also isolated and/or detected from the brain abscesses aspirate or resected tissue. Summary. New and emerging pathogens associated with brain abscess, especially in immunosuppressed individuals, have renewed the necessity of an early detection, and it will be of great value in appropriate management of patients with brain abscess.

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Section: Microbial Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is very rare and commonly occurs in patients with cell-mediated immunity and is mostly focal and usually secondary to a primary focus in the lungs. Histologically and clinically, these abscesses are devoid of a granulomatous reaction, similar to pyogenic abscesses [19]. …”

Section: Culture For Various Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Spectrum of Brain Abscess at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: 24-Year Data and Review

Lakshmi

Umabala

Anuradha

et al. 2011

Pathology Research International

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“…seawater, sewage, tap water, beach sands, home aquaria, humidifiers and hospital environment [3,24]. To date, more than 150 cases of GAE caused by Acanthamoeba have been reported in the literature, among them, 11 cases of immunocompetent hosts [25]. Approximately 200 cases of Balamuthia GAE have been reported from all continents except from Africa.…”

Section: Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (Gae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human infections caused by free-living amoebae

Król-Turmińska¹,

Olender²

2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Among free-living amoebae that are widely distributed in nature only four genera/species are known as agents of human infections: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleriafowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappiniapedata. These amoebae are not well adapted to parasitism, and could exist in the human environment without the need for a host. Infections due to these amoebae, despite low morbidity, are characterized by relatively high mortality rate and pose serious clinical problems. Objectve. This review study presents and summarizes current knowledge about infections due to pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae focused on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment based on global literature. State of knowledge. All four genera have been recognized as etiologic factors of fatal central nervous system infections and other serious diseases in humans. N. fowleri causes an acute fulminating meningoencephalitis in children and young adults. Acanthamoeba spp. and B.mandrillaris are opportunistic pathogens causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and disseminated or localized infections which could affect the skin, sinuses, lungs, adrenals and/or bones. Acanthamoeba spp. is also the main agent of acute eye infection -Acanthamoeba keratitis, mostly in contact lens wearers. However, there is only one recognized case of encephalitis caused by S. pedata. Conclusions. Amoebic diseases are difficult to diagnose which leads to delayed treatment, and result in a high mortality rate. Considering those issues, there is an urgent need to draw more attention to this type of diseases.

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“…Microscopic examination of brain tissue shows mostly a granulomatous reaction surrounding cortical necrotic areas (14,20). Hematoxylin-eosin-stained (HES) tissue shows trophozoites and cysts for both species that are indistinguishable from each other.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba Amebic Encephalitis with Neurotoxoplasmosis Coinfection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Infection

et al. 2012

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We describe a patient with advanced HIV infection and Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with Toxoplasma gondii coinfection. A multidisciplinary effort and state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques were required for diagnosis. Our patient is the first reported case of an HIV-infected person with dual Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurotoxoplasmosis coinfection. CASE REPORT

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Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient: An autopsy case report

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Microbiological Spectrum of Brain Abscess at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: 24-Year Data and Review

Microbiological Spectrum of Brain Abscess at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: 24-Year Data and Review

Human infections caused by free-living amoebae

Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba Amebic Encephalitis with Neurotoxoplasmosis Coinfection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Infection

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