Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T1, T2, T3, T4 and T7 genotypes from environmental freshwater samples in the Nile Delta region, Egypt

Lorenzo‐Morales, Jacob; Ortega-Rivas, Antonio; Martı́nez, Enrique; Khoubbane, Messaoud; Artigas, Patricio; Periago, María Victoria; Foronda, Pilar; Abreu-Acosta, Néstor; Valladares, Basilio; Mas‐Coma, Santiago

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.09.008

Cited by 75 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis appears to be mostly related to the response of the host immunity to the trophozoites/cysts (Siddiqui & Khan, 2012). In sub-Saharan Africa, isolation of Acanthamoeba species from the environment and animals has been reported (Ndiaye et al, 2005;Lorenzo-Morales et al, 2006). Human cases of Acanthomeba species involving the brain have also been described (Ndiaye et al, 2005).…”

Section: Intestinal Amoebas and Free Living Amoebasmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Seizures and other neurological signs are commonly associated with PAM (Schoeman et al, 1993: Cetin & Blackal., 2012. The majority of the PAM has been reported from the USA and only few cases have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa (Lawande et al, 1980;Ygonabo et al, 1989;Schoeman et al, 1993) Acanthamoeba species are the causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), with no involvement of the meningeal layer (Lorenzo-Morales et al, 2006Siddiqui, R. & Khan, 2012. The parasite may also invade other body organs/tissues such as lungs, skin or eye lenses and causes pneumonitis, dermatitis and keratitis (Schoeman et al, 1993;Lorenzo-Morales et al, 2006;Siddiqui, R. & Khan, 2012).…”

Section: Intestinal Amoebas and Free Living Amoebasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the PAM has been reported from the USA and only few cases have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa (Lawande et al, 1980;Ygonabo et al, 1989;Schoeman et al, 1993) Acanthamoeba species are the causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), with no involvement of the meningeal layer (Lorenzo-Morales et al, 2006Siddiqui, R. & Khan, 2012. The parasite may also invade other body organs/tissues such as lungs, skin or eye lenses and causes pneumonitis, dermatitis and keratitis (Schoeman et al, 1993;Lorenzo-Morales et al, 2006;Siddiqui, R. & Khan, 2012). The initial infection may occur through cut wounds in the skin that become contaminated with soil or though inhalation of the trophozoites/cysts into the respiratory tract (Martinez & Visvesvara., 1997;Siddiqui & Khan, 2012).…”

Section: Intestinal Amoebas and Free Living Amoebasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Mazigo

Morona

Kweka

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Several reports have suggested that the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with the high prevalence of parasitic infections affecting the central nervous system. Though epidemiological evidence suggests an association between parasitic infections and epilepsy, the biological causal relationship has not been fully demonstrated for many of these infections. The objective of this paper is to review the available epidemiological evidence on the links between parasitic infections and epilepsy, the pathogenesis and the current gap of knowledge indicating the areas requiring further research. Data for this review were identified and collected using manual and electronic search strategies of published and unpublished sources. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the epidemiology of epilepsy remains unclear and given the differing study designs, the results of available epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret and compare. Evidence from surveys reported a median prevalence of 1.5%. Co-infection of parasitic infections and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa are common, particularly in areas characterized by poor hygiene standards. There is an epidemiological link on the association between epilepsy and various parasitic infections. However, the biological causal relationship requires further investigation in adequately designed studies. In conclusion, although several epidemiological and case control studies indicate a relationship between parasitic agents and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a considerable gap of knowledge on the cause and magnitude of the association. Thus, there is an urgent need for systematic epidemiological studies to understand the burden of epilepsy in areas endemic due to preventable parasitic infections, to prove a causal relationship, and to understand the impact of controlling these parasitic diseases on reduction of the burden of epilepsy.___________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Intestinal Amoebas and Free Living Amoebasmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Intestinal Amoebas and Free Living Amoebasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Amoebas and Free Living Amoebasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Mazigo

Morona

Kweka

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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“…Multiple factors contribute to Acanthamoeba pathogenicity, such as extracellular protease production and amoeba cell surface adherence ability. In studies that examined pathogenicity predictive factors, the T3, T5, and T4 genotypes all displayed high pathogenicity (1,22,33,34), although the T3 results were not always consistent between isolates. The T4 genotypes did show increased cell surface binding compared to that of T3 (1); however, it is essential to realize the small number of T3 and T5 genotypes examined in these studies compared to the number of T4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of T4 and T5 Genotypes in Isolates from Acanthamoeba Keratitis Patients

et al. 2009

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Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but sight-threatening ocular infection. Outbreaks have been associated with contaminated water and contact lens wear. The epidemiology and pathology may be associated with unique genotypes. We determined the Rns genotype for 37 clinical isolates from 23 patients presenting at the University of Miami Bascom Palmer Eye Institute with confirmed AK infections in 2006 to 2008. The genus-specific ASA.S1 amplicon allowed for rapid genotyping of the nonaxenic cultures. Of the 37 isolates, 36 were of the T4 genotype. Within this group, 13 unique diagnostic fragment 3 sequences were identified, 3 of which were not in GenBank. The 37th isolate was a T5, the first in the United States and second worldwide to be found in AK. For five patients with isolates from the cornea and contact lens/case, identical sequences within each patient cluster were observed, confirming the link between contact lens contamination and AK infection. Genotyping is an important tool in the epidemiological study of AK. In this study, it allowed for the detection of new strains and provided an etiological link between source and infection. Additionally, it can allow for accurate categorizing of physiological differences, such as strain virulence, between isolates and clades.

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“…Therefore the methods for their identification in clinical and environmental samples are being developed in order to enable quick and exact detection of amoebae in various environments including the possibility to determine their pathogenicity. Several studies have reported the presence of Acanthamoeba in the environment (Červa 1971;Booton et al 2002;Ettinger et al 2003;Kilvington et al 2004;Tsvetkova et al 2004;Lorenzo-Morales et al 2006;Rezaeian et al 2008). This study confirms Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, physiological, molecular and phylogenetic characterization of new environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. from the region of Bratislava, Slovakia

Nagyová

Nagy²,

Janeček

et al. 2010

Biologia

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Protozoa of the genus Acanthamoeba are organisms that can be generally found in the environment. The focus of this study is the detection of the presence of Acanthamoeba in different water sources and samples taken from airconditioning units. The identification of Acanthamoeba isolates was based on the morphology of cysts and trophozoites as well as PCR amplification with a genus specific primer pair JDP1 and JDP2. Growth characteristics and temperature tolerance were monitored. The pathogenic potential was tested in vitro on Vero cell cultures. Genotype identification was based on the sequencing of the GTSA.B1 PCR amplimer of 18S ribosomal DNA. The data obtained revealed that the isolates belong to T3 and T4 genotypes. One T3 and one T4 isolate contain a group I intron. The 933 base pair intron found in a genotype T4 isolate is considerably larger compared to formerly described introns of Acanthamoeba griffini (genotype T3) and A. lenticulata (genotype T5). This is the first report detailing the environmental distribution of the Acanthamoeba genotypes in the region of Bratislava, Slovakia.

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Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T1, T2, T3, T4 and T7 genotypes from environmental freshwater samples in the Nile Delta region, Egypt

Cited by 75 publications

References 38 publications

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Molecular Identification of T4 and T5 Genotypes in Isolates from Acanthamoeba Keratitis Patients

Morphological, physiological, molecular and phylogenetic characterization of new environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. from the region of Bratislava, Slovakia

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