Acalculous cholecystitis occurring in the context of Plasmodium malariae infection: a case report

Harris, Eleanor F; Younger, Eugenie; Llewelyn, Meirion B.

doi:10.1186/1752-1947-7-197

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Specific ultrasound criteria (six major and two minor) exist to make a diagnosis of AAC. 3 They include gallbladder wall thickening and oedema, intramural gas, mucosal sloughing, pericholecystic fluid and positive Murphy's sign. At least two major criteria are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus-associated acute cholecystitis in a teenager

2013

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A 14-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with fever, headache, sore throat and abdominal pain. Her blood lymphocyte count and inflammatory markers were raised. Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was suspected and confirmed serologically and by measuring the viral load. On day 7, she developed jaundice with abnormal liver function tests. An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed thickening of the gallbladder and bile duct walls without calculi suggesting acute acalculous cholecystitis. The patient improved slowly with symptomatic treatment, and a repeat ultrasound scan six months later was normal. Acalculous cholecystitis is a rare complication of EBV infection and usually has a good prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus-associated acute cholecystitis in a teenager

2013

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“…Infected erythrocytes lose their normal shape due to the appearance of protrusions (knobs) on their surface. This deformation causes erythrocyte cells to adhere to each other and to the vessel walls, resulting in microcirculatory obstruction and ischemia [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Aac Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acalculous Cholecystitis in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review

Thomaidou,

Karlafti,

Didagelos

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) represents cholecystitis without gallstones, occurring in approximately 5–10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis in adults. Several risk factors have been recognized, while infectious diseases can be a cause of cholecystitis in otherwise healthy people. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, leading to an unprecedented pandemic. The virus enters cells through the binding of the spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed in many human tissues, including the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and this explains the symptoms emanating from the digestive system. Acute cholecystitis has been reported in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed analysis of the current literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAC in patients with COVID-19.

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“…Once again, this leads to microcirculatory obstruction and ischemia. However, Plasmodium malariae [ 32 ] and Plasmodium vivax [ 33 ], which have also been documented to cause AAC, have not been shown to form knobs on the surface of erythrocytes.…”

Section: Acalculous Cholecystitis In Patients Without Underlying Critical Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to infectious causes

Markaki¹,

Konsoula²,

Markaki³

et al. 2021

WJCC

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Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an inflammation of the gallbladder not associated with the presence of gallstones. It usually occurs in critically ill patients but it has also been implicated as a cause of cholecystitis in previously healthy individuals. In this subgroup of patients, infectious causes comprise the primary etiology. We, herein, discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in AAC, focusing on the infectious causes. AAC associated with critical medical conditions is caused by bile stasis and gallbladder ischemia. Several mechanisms are reported to be involved in AAC in patients without underlying critical illness including direct invasion of the gallbladder epithelial cells, gallbladder vasculitis, obstruction of the biliary tree, and sequestration. We emphasize that multiple pathogenic mechanisms may concurrently contribute to the development of AAC in varying degrees. Awareness of the implicated pathogens is essential since it will allow a more focused examination of the histopathological specimens. In conclusion, additional research and a high degree of clinical suspicion are needed to clarify the complex spectrum of mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of AAC.

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Acalculous cholecystitis occurring in the context of Plasmodium malariae infection: a case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Epstein–Barr virus-associated acute cholecystitis in a teenager

Epstein–Barr virus-associated acute cholecystitis in a teenager

Acalculous Cholecystitis in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review

Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to infectious causes

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