Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760

Parker, W. H.; Clark, Andrew Hill

doi:10.2307/1797375

Cited by 2 publications

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“…At the end of the war, some Acadians returned to the area, but their lands had been taken over by English settlers. By the end of the eighteenth century, most Acadians still in North America had settled in Eastern Canada and Louisiana (Clark 1968;Lockerby 1998).…”

Section: Cattle Herding Cattle Biology Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…French colonists, known as the Acadians, were especially concentrated in what is now eastern Canada and Maine, largely on the ancestral lands of the Mi'kmaq people. Early in the seventeenth century, colonists from France established a settlement at Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia) on the southern shore of the Bay of Fundy (Clark 1968). By the late seventeenth century, the Acadian settlers were spread along the coast of the Bay of Fundy, Minas Basin, and Chignecto Bay, where extensive diking systems were used to reclaim marshland for their farms, which were frequently organized into small hamlets or villages (Clark 1968;Kennedy 2014).…”

Section: The Case Study: the Acadiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Case Study: the Acadiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lands occupied by the Acadians were passed back and forth between France and England as the result of a series of wars, and subsequent treaties over the course of the eighteenth century (Clark 1968). In 1713, following the War of the Spanish Succession, the Treaty of Utrecht gave the mainland of Nova Scotia to the British, while the French retained Ile Royale (Cape Breton), Ile St. Jean (Prince Edward Island), and parts of present-day New Brunswick (Clark 1968). Some Acadians from Nova Scotia left for Prince Edward Island (PEI) at this time, though many Acadian families were allowed to remain on their lands in Nova Scotia despite refusing to swear oaths of allegiance to the British Crown (Clark 1968).…”

Section: The Case Study: the Acadiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooperation and Cattle Herding in Eighteenth Century Acadia: Implications for Archaeological Studies of Agropastoralism

Welker

Hughes

McClure

2022

Journal of Ethnobiology

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Anthropological studies of cattle management have frequently used nomadic open-rangeAfrican pastoralists as models even when examining more sedentary agro-pastoralists relying upon combinations of crops and livestock that prevent or inhibit mobility. The relatively limited number of datasets on more sedentary agro-pastoralists makes it difficult to assess the suitability of this analogy when modeling and understanding herd dynamics in sedentary or semi-sedentary societies like those in the European Neolithic or pre-industrial colonies in North America. Census data on seventeenth-and eighteenth-century French colonists in eastern Canada and the northeastern U.S. reveal that household herds average fewer than eight individuals. Herds this small would have been dangerously close to collapse if animals were slaughtered and would not have had sufficient numbers to grow quickly. Using effective population size, a measure from wildlife biology, to assess the demographic and genetic health of wildlife populations, we demonstrate that Acadian herders were able to overcome the challenges of their small herds by participating in village or inter-village herd networks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that differences in herd management existed across the Acadian colonies and correspond, in part, to local involvement in cod fishing. We suggest this case study may provide a useful model for understanding prehistoric sedentary agropastoralism and the role of cooperation in prehistoric animal management decisions.

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Section: Cattle Herding Cattle Biology Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Case Study: the Acadiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Case Study: the Acadiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Case Study: the Acadiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cooperation and Cattle Herding in Eighteenth Century Acadia: Implications for Archaeological Studies of Agropastoralism

Welker

Hughes

McClure

2022

Journal of Ethnobiology

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“…On sabbatical in 1968–1969, Cole began to read the philosophy of history, both to undergird his defense of historical geography in debates with Toronto colleagues who embraced a quantitative analytical view of the discipline, and in response to the gathering critiques of Andrew Clark's book Acadi a (1968). Espousing the idea that the future of geography was as a spatial science, William Koelsch's assessment of Clark's book was especially cutting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cole Harris: Geographer of Canada

Wynn

Barnes

2023

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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Cole Harris's formidable scholarly promise was evident early. In an invited paper for a special centenary issue of The Canadian Geographerhis first in this journal-in 1967, he described Canadian historical geography as a sparsely tilled field (Harris, 1967). Barely thirty years old, already writing a now familiar spare, crystalline prose intended (he often said) to achieve maximum clarity with minimum words, Cole claimed that "the land" was geography's central object of inquiry. He also identified potential research topics deemed "worthy" by the interest that they would arouse. That took chutzpah. Cole was always supremely confident in his intellectual judgement, though never given to arrogance, pretension, or self-promotion. He was a scholar's scholar, driven by ideas. When you told him something he listened with almost frightening intensity. Bending his head slightly towards you, eyes off to the distance, he focussed on your every word. It often seemed that whatever you said fell short of what his concentrated effort demanded.Richard Colebrook (Cole) Harris was born in Vancouver on the 4 th of July, 1936. This was a cause of mild chagrin for a proud Canadian.Though he was never a thoughtless nationalist, it would surely have been more appropriate for him to share a "natal day" with the country he held dear. Cole's father, Richard (Dick) Harris, was a high school teacher, and his mother, Ellen (nee Code) Harris, a CBC radio show host. After taking a BA in Geography and History from the University of British Columbia (UBC) (1954)(1955)(1956)(1957)(1958), where he was also president of the United Nations Club and ran track, Cole spent the better part of a year in Montpellier, improving his French. In autumn 1959 he enrolled at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. There he completed a PhD under the supervision of the Canadian historical geographer Andrew H. Clark, who steered him to work on early (French) Canada on the strength of his recently polished language skills. After a temporary lectureship in Geography at UBC (1963)(1964), during which he and Muriel Watney were married in Vancouver, Cole was appointed Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Toronto. In 1971, he and Muriel, a medical geneticist with a doctorate from Toronto, returned to Vancouver, largely for family reasons. Thirty years later, Cole retired Professor Emeritus. He died at home on September 26, 2022. His mind and his concern for Canada never flagged. His son, Douglas, wrote that even on his last morning when he lost the ability to speak, "the hand gestures he was making in bed … [suggested] he was in full flight again, helping us to see and understand the country." Quebec, the subject of Cole's first book, was fundamental to that understanding. Published in 1966, The seigneurial system in early Canada (Harris, 1966) was a bold, even brash, revisionist study. It argued that everyday life along the St Lawrence had been less influenced by the seigneurial system than historians generally believed. French feudalism was old and effete...

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Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Cooperation and Cattle Herding in Eighteenth Century Acadia: Implications for Archaeological Studies of Agropastoralism

Cooperation and Cattle Herding in Eighteenth Century Acadia: Implications for Archaeological Studies of Agropastoralism

Cole Harris: Geographer of Canada

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