“…Practically, the findings in this study offer an understanding of how leaders and managers of human resources in academic institutions would benefit from academics’ PE given its significant effect on IPD. Academics' desire for independence (Sengupta and Sumer, 2020) was underscored in the relationship between empowerment and IPD. Therefore, the Vice-Chancellors, Deans and the Heads of departments should adopt workplace practices that can further instill PE among academics such as delegation of challenging roles and responsibilities, having open minds to inputs and innovation, giving feedback and recognition to academics who excel in teaching, research and community service and many more strategies.…”