Academic Capitalism and the Geopolitics of Knowledge

Spatial Reference Patterns as a Point of Hegemonic Struggle: A Case Study of Biotechnology Journals in Latin America

“…Since power relations are not fixed, they can be resisted and transformed (Passi, 2015). 26 We interpret spatial citation patterns with high percentage of references in Spanish and Portuguese as points of resistance to what Paasi (2015) identifies as the standardization and homogenization of scientific practice. In other words, these non-English references create a space where "hegemony of the center is resisted/disrupted at a local level" (Tietze and Dick, 2013, p. 125).…”

“…21 Despite the above features characterizing Biotechnology publishing spaces, they are also subject to Western hegemony practices (Paasi, 2015). Under that consideration, Biotechnology knowledge produced in Latin America is part of the periphery in which parochial or "national" science is produced.…”

“…Although, in the context of a knowledge society, science has (allegedly) reached a state of globalization, the textual production of knowledge is subjected to Western-hegemony practices (Paasi, 2005(Paasi, , 2015. These practices are situated in historical processes of colonization that have contributed to the stabilization and selection of certain dominant narratives and certain ways of knowing over others .…”

“…As a consequence, there exist uneven writing spaces which generate differentiated knowledge production conditions that affect the legitimization and dissemination of knowledge according to the place where it is produced (Paasi, 2005(Paasi, , 2015. This puts some territories in the centre-UK, US, and West European countries-and others on the periphery, which are collectively referred to as the Global South.…”

Banal Nationalism 20 years on: Re-thinking, re-formulating and re-contextualizing the concept

“…Lastly, it is critical to recognize the gradually expanding "brain circulation" between states that partly challenges the "methodological nationalism" implied by the WoS data: scholars increasingly change not only universities but also the states were they work and publish their work (cf. Paasi, 2015). Recognizing these limits, the WoS data nonetheless offers some important insights about the influence of Banal Nationalism to date.…”