Academic and Language Outcomes in Children after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis

Vu, Jennifer A.; Babikian, Talin; Asarnow, Robert F.

doi:10.1177/001440291107700301

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We were surprised to find that only one study included in this review examined the impact of WM deficits on academic functioning in children with TBI, as (i) a strong link between WM and academic skills has been found in the TD population (Gathercole & Pickering, 2000;Jarvis & Gathercole, 2003), learning-disabled population (Schuchardt et al, 2008;Swanson & Sachse-Lee, 2001) and language-disordered population , and (ii) difficulties in academic skills are often found in children with TBI (see the meta-analysis by Vu, Babikian, & Asarnow, 2011). This single study compared the verbal and visual WM (CE only measured by complex span tasks) and mathematical skills of control children who had sustained OIs to children who had sustained TBI at 24 months post-injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory outcomes following traumatic brain injury in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Phillips

Parry

Mandalis

et al. 2015

Child Neuropsychology

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The aim of this review is to systematically examine the literature concerning multicomponent working memory (WM)-comprising a central executive (CE), two storage components (phonological loop, PL and visuo-spatial sketchpad, VSSP), and episodic buffer (EB)-in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electronic searches were conducted of MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE up to October 2014 with the inclusion criteria of children and adolescents with TBI, and quantitative methods to assess at least one component of WM. Meta-analytic procedures calculated pooled effect sizes for WM outcomes. Of the studies examined, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Children with TBI exhibited deficits in the CE and PL, but not in the VSSP, and no study could be found which examined the EB. Qualitative analysis found that greater TBI severity was associated with poorer CE functioning in five out of nine studies. Differences in patterns of brain activation were evident in four out of five fMRI studies that examined WM in TBI children and controls. Deficits in CE were associated with poorer mathematical skills in the only study that examined relations between WM and academic deficits. Notwithstanding the heterogeneity of the studies reviewed, TBI places children at risk of WM deficits. Moreover, this meta-analysis suggests that various components of WM have differential vulnerability to pediatric TBI, with significant deficits found in the CE and PL, but not in the VSSP (although the VSSP has rarely been examined to date). Future studies should be theoretically driven, employ tasks assessing all components of the WM model and examine the functional ramifications (including academic outcomes) of WM deficits in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory outcomes following traumatic brain injury in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Phillips

Parry

Mandalis

et al. 2015

Child Neuropsychology

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“…The essence of the neuropathology associated with TBI is thought to be represented by widespread axonal injury [Sharp et al, 2014], threatening the integrity of brain networks that facilitate efficient relay and integration of information throughout the brain [Park and Friston, 2013]. Ultimately, children with TBI are at risk of neurocognitive impairments [Babikian and Asarnow, 2009], behavior problems [Li and Liu, 2013] and poor academic attainment [Vu et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural connectome of children with traumatic brain injury

Königs

Heurn

Bakx

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of mild to severe pediatric TBI on the structural connectome. Children aged 8-14 years with trauma control (TC) injury (n = 27) were compared to children with mild TBI and risk factors for complicated TBI (mild , n = 20) or moderate/severe TBI (n = 16) at 2.8 years post-injury. Probabilistic tractography on diffusion tensor imaging data was used in combination with graph theory to study structural connectivity. Functional outcome was measured using neurocognitive tests and parent and teacher questionnaires for behavioral functioning. The results revealed no evidence for an impact of mild TBI on the structural connectome. In contrast, the moderate/severe TBI group showed longer characteristic path length (P = 0.022, d = 0.82) than the TC group. Furthermore, longer characteristic path length was related to poorer intelligence and poorer working memory in children with TBI. In conclusion, children have abnormal organization of the structural connectome after moderate/severe TBI, which may be implicated in neurocognitive dysfunction associated with pediatric TBI. These findings should be interpreted in the context of our exploratory analyses, which indicate that the definition and weighting of connectivity (e.g., streamline density, fractional anisotropy) influence the properties of the reconstructed connectome and its sensitivity to the impact and outcome of pediatric TBI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Moderate-severe TBI (msTBI), which is marked by a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3–12 [7], can lead to chronic disability, including motor, cognitive, academic, and emotional disturbances [8–12]. There is considerable heterogeneity in the neuropathology caused by TBI, which can be an obstacle to group-level analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion MRI in pediatric brain injury

Dennis

Babikian²,

Giza

et al. 2017

Childs Nerv Syst

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue around the world and can be especially devastating in children as TBI can derail cognitive and social development. White matter (WM) is particularly vulnerable to disruption post-TBI, as myelination is ongoing during this period. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a versatile modality for identifying and quantifying WM disruption and can detect diffuse axonal injury (DAI or TAI (traumatic axonal injury)). This review covers dMRI studies of pediatric TBI, including mild to severe injuries, and covering all periods post-injury. While there have been considerable advances in our understanding of pediatric TBI through the use of dMRI, there are still large gaps in our knowledge, which will be filled in by larger studies and more longitudinal studies. Heterogeneity post-injury is an obstacle in all TBI studies, but we expect that larger better-characterized samples will aid in identifying clinically meaningful subgroups within the pediatric TBI patient population.

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Academic and Language Outcomes in Children after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

Working memory outcomes following traumatic brain injury in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Working memory outcomes following traumatic brain injury in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis

The structural connectome of children with traumatic brain injury

Diffusion MRI in pediatric brain injury

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