Acacia mangium Willd. - A Fast Growing Tree for Tropical Plantation

Abstract

Acacia mangium is an evergreen fast-growing tropical tree, which can grow up to 30 m tall and 50 cm thick, under favorable conditions. It is a low-elevation species associated with rain forest margins and disturbed, well-drained acid soils. It is native to Papua, Western Irian Jaya and the Maluku islands in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and north-eastern Queensland in Australia. Due to its rapid growth and tolerance of very poor soils, A. mangium was introduced into some Asian, African and western hemisphere countries where it is used as a plantation tree. A. mangium has good quality wood traits, such as a comparatively low proportion of parenchymatous cells and vessels, white and hard wood, and high calorific value. Therefore, it is useful for a variety of purposes, such as furniture, cabinets, turnery, floors, particleboard, plywood, veneer, fence posts, firewood, and charcoal. It is also being used in pulp and paper making because it has good pulp traits, with high yields of pulp, quality of kraft, and produces paper with good optical, physical and surface properties. Because there are significant provenance differences in growth rate, stem straightness, heartwood formation and frequency of multiple leaders, the productivity and quality also varies depending upon environmental conditions, so genetic improvement programmes have been undertaken in countries like Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand. The programme includes provenance identifications and testing, plus tree selection and clonal multiplication, establishment of seed orchards and hybridization. The phenology, reproductive biology, fruit characteristics, silvicultural practices for cultivation, pest and diseases problems, production of improved planting stock, harvesting, wood properties and utilization have been discussed in this paper.

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for estimating the chemical composition of (Acacia mangium Willd.) wood

“…is an important fastgrowing species for commercial wood production and is considered the most suitable species for plantations in marginal areas (Krisnawati et al 2011;Hedge et al 2013). Due to its rapid growth, acceptable wood quality, and tolerance of various soil types (Perrineau et al 2011), mangium is a preferred pulpwood in Indonesia, and plantations covering 1.3 million ha have been established to meet the growing raw material demand of the country's pulp and paper industry (Ministry of Forestry 2003).…”

Aspectos fisiológicos y de aprovechamiento de <i>Acacia mangium</i> Willd. Una revisión

“…Las semillas pueden ser sembradas en semilleros y trasplantadas de 6 a 10 días después de la siembra (dds). Sin embargo, la recuperación de material por este método permite tan solo un 37% (Maheshwar, 2013). Si se siembra en bandejas de germinación y se trasplanta de 6 a 10 dds, cuando la radícula emerge, puede ocurrir una recuperación de más del 85% (Srivastava, 1993).…”

“…La floración en acacia es precoz, comienza a florecer 18 a 20 meses después de la siembra y puede durar hasta 8 meses en un árbol adulto. El tiempo transcurrido desde la aparición de los brotes hasta los frutos maduros es de aproximadamente 199 días (Hegde et al, 2013). Sin embargo, la época de floración varía según la ubicación geográfica, por ejemplo, en Australia ocurre entre marzo y mayo, en Indonesia y Malasia, de enero a marzo, y en Centroamérica, a mediados de año (Krisnawati et al, 2011).…”

Phytophthora acaciivora sp. nov. associated with dying Acacia mangium in Vietnam

“…Acacia mangium is a tree in the family Fabaceae , native to Papua, western Irian Jaya and the Maluku islands in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and north-eastern Queensland in Australia ( Hegde et al 2013 ). The wood from this tree can be used for furniture, cabinets, floors, plywood, firewood, charcoal, and pulpwood.…”

“…The wood from this tree can be used for furniture, cabinets, floors, plywood, firewood, charcoal, and pulpwood. Compared with other species, A. mangium is fast-growing, tolerant of nutrient-poor soils and is adapted to a wide range of acidic soils in moist tropical lowlands ( Hegde et al 2013 ). As a consequence of these properties, in the last few decades plantation areas in the humid tropics of Asia have increased dramatically.…”