Abyssal molluscan colony of Calyptogena in the Pliocene strata of the Miura Peninsula, Central Japan

Niitsuma, Nobuaki; Matsushima, Yoshiaki; Hirata, Daiji

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(89)90038-2

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both Cretaceous cold-seep assemblages (Beauchamp et al 1989a;Howe 1987) and the Jurassic Terres Noires (Gaillard et al 1992) contain ammonites, a common Cretaceous predator. Predatory gastropods have been described from Eocene (Campbell and Bottjer 1993), Oligocene (Goedert and Squires 1990;Goedert and Campbell 1995), Miocene (Taviani 1994), and late Pliocene cold seeps (Niitsuma et al 1989) at subduction zones and are common in petroleum seeps and other cold seeps of the present (Callender and Powell 1997;Powell et al 1998), but, like their counterparts in ancient settings, their influence is poorly documented. Indeed, among the chemoautotrophs, mussels and tubeworms are rarely observed being preyed upon, despite the number of predators present.…”

Section: Ecological Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Why did ancient chemosynthetic seep and vent assemblages occur in shallower water than they do today?

Callender

Powell²

1999

International Journal of Earth Sciences

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Cold-seep communities have relatively low diversity, are dominated by one or two taxa present in high density and high biomass in comparison with the surrounding fauna, and are restricted to aphotic habitats. Their associated heterotrophic fauna are usually distinctive from the fauna of their surroundings. In contrast, a more commonplace chemoautotrophically based community occurs in shallow photic habitats. The associated heterotrophic fauna includes many of the species typical of the surrounding communities and typically dominates abundance, whereas the species with chemoautotrophic symbionts dominate biomass. All modern seep assemblages are deeper than 550 m. Many fossil seep assemblages occurred in water as shallow as the mid-shelf (~200 m). In contrast, communities where species with chemoautotrophic symbionts are biomass dominants, but not numerical dominants, are common in shallow waters at present but rarely reported in the geological record. We suggest that the absence of cold-seep communities on the continental shelf presently is due to a combination of predation and competitive exclusion by primary consumers limiting the presence of species dependent on chemoautotrophic symbionts. We suggest that coldseep assemblages are more common at shelf depths in the fossil record for two reasons: (a) The biases of preservation have accentuated their distribution by transforming communities where species with chemoautotrophic symbionts dominate by biomass, but not numerically, into cold-seep-appearing assemblages. (b) The importance of predation pressure and oligotrophy has varied, with decreased predation pressure accompanying increased oligotrophy favoring cold-seep communities. We suggest that the paucity of shallowwater assemblages with species harboring chemoautotrophic symbionts as biomass dominants in the fossil record is based on the reliance of paleoecological analysis on numerical abundance data when energy flow analyses are required to identify these assemblages. The distinctiveness of the fossil seep assemblage is intensified by taphonomic processes that bias the assemblage against small individuals and epifaunal species, so that diversity declines, the small heterotrophic component of the assemblage is significantly reduced, and the epifaunal component is minimized. The final assemblage is usually dominated by the better-preserved large infaunal clams which perchance are also the species with chemoautotrophic symbionts. In contrast, preservation does not enhance the distinctiveness of these chemoautotroph-harboring species in shallow water.

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Section: Ecological Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Why did ancient chemosynthetic seep and vent assemblages occur in shallower water than they do today?

Callender

Powell²

1999

International Journal of Earth Sciences

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“…The chemosynthetically driven biological activity at fluid seeps provides a basis for a food chain independent of the more widespread photosynthetic sources and is complementary to chemosynthetic systems at mid-ocean ridges [Rona et al, 1983] and passive margins [Hovland and Judd, 1988;Roberts et al, 1990;Brooks et al, 1987;Paull and Neumann, 1987]. Ancient seep communities have been recognized in accretionary prisms [Niitsuma et al, 1989;Goedert and Squires, 1990;Campbell, 1991; K. Campbell and W. Elder personal communication, 1991] and may account for concentrations of macrofossils previously considered to be anomalous in deepwater rocks. If flow continues at seeps as they are uplifted above the calcite compensation depth (a depth below which calcite is actively dissolved in the deep sea), substantial carbonate accumulations (bioherms) may develop [e.g., Moore et al, 1991] that could grow to reef-size structures and become hydrocarbon reservoirs [Hovland, 1990].…”

Section: Fluid Rock Interactions In Accretionary Prisms Contrast Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluids in accretionary prisms

Moore¹,

Vrolijk²

1992

Reviews of Geophysics

532

349

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Accretionary prisms are composed of initially saturated sediments caught in subduction zone tectonism. As sediments deform, fluid pressures rise and fluid is expelled, resembling a saturated sponge being tectonically squeezed. Fluid flow from the accretionary prism feeds surface biological cases, precipitates and dissolves minerals, and causes temperature and geochemical anomalies. Structural and metamorphic features are affected at all scales by fluid pressures or fluid flow in accretionary prisms. Accordingly, this dynamic tectonic environment provides an accessible model for fluid/rock interactions occurring at greater crustal depths. Porosity reduction and to a lesser degree mineral dehydration and the breakdown of sedimentary organic matter provide the fluids expelled from accretionary prisms. Mature hydrocarbons expulsed along prism faults indicate deep sources and many tens of kilometers of lateral transport of fluids. Many faults cutting accretionary prisms expel fluids fresher than seawater, presumably generated by dehydration of clay minerals at depth. Models of fluid flow from accretionary prisms use Darcy's law with matrix and fractures/faults being assigned different permeabilities. Fluid pressures in accretionary prisms are commonly high but range from hydrostatic to lithostatic. Matrix or intergranular permeability ranges from less than 10−20 m² to 10−13 m². Fracture permeability probably exceeds 10−12 m². A global estimate of fluid flux into accretionary prisms suggests they recycle the oceans every 500 m.y. Fluid flow out of accretionary prisms occurs by distributed flow through intergranular permeability and along zones of focused flow, typically faults. Focused fluid flow is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude faster than distributed flow, probably representing the mean differences in permeability along these respective expulsion paths. During the geological evolution of accretionary prisms, distributed flow through pore spaces decreases as a result of consolidation and cementation, whereas flow along fracture systems becomes dominant. Although thrust faults are most common in the compressional environment of accretionary prisms, normal and strike‐slip faults are efficient fluid drains, because they are easier to dilate. Observations from both modern and ancient prisms suggest episodic fluid flow which is probably coupled to episodic fault displacement and ultimately to the earthquake cycle.

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“…It might be expected that fossil equivalents of these features might also occur sporadically in outcrops onshore as they do in other parts of the world (Niitsuma et al 1989 3. The subduction margin, upper slope ridges of the Hikurangi and Puysegur margins are characterised by rich seep faunas, dominated by species of the "white clam" Calyptogena.…”

Section: Fluid Expulsion At Convergent Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seep faunas and other indicators of methane‐rich dewatering on New Zealand convergent margins

Lewis

Marshall

1996

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

108

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Abyssal molluscan colony of Calyptogena in the Pliocene strata of the Miura Peninsula, Central Japan

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Why did ancient chemosynthetic seep and vent assemblages occur in shallower water than they do today?

Why did ancient chemosynthetic seep and vent assemblages occur in shallower water than they do today?

Fluids in accretionary prisms

Seep faunas and other indicators of methane‐rich dewatering on New Zealand convergent margins

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