Abusing female children by circumcision is continued in Egypt

Zayed, Abeer Ahmed; Ali, Abla Abd El Rahman

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.12.013

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For several decades the Egyptian authorities have tried, to no avail, to curb and regulate FGM. In 2007 and 2008 laws were passed that banned the practice [ 1 , 2 ]. However, it remains unclear how rigidly these laws are enforced, especially given the political upheavals since 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in attitudes towards female genital mutilation among ever-married Egyptian women, evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1995–2014: paths of change

Rossem

Meekers

Gage

2016

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundOver the past few decades Egypt has attempted to limit and control female genital mutilation (FGM). However, these efforts have not succeeded in curbing the practice, which maintains wide popular support and is firmly embedded in local traditions and structures. An attitudinal change is therefore a prerequisite for any successful campaign against FGM. This paper charts the evolution of beliefs that the practice of FGM in Egypt should be stopped.MethodThis paper examines trends in opposition to FGM among ever-married women in Egypt between 1995 and 2014, using six waves of the Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys.ResultsThe results show that the percentage of ever-married women who think the practice of FGM should be stopped rose from 13.9 % in 1995 to 31.3 % in 2014. The central question here is whether this trend exists because new cohorts of young married women are more modern and more opposed to the practice, or because opposition to FGM has spread through multiple segments of society. Our results show that back in 1995 opposition to FGM was concentrated in two groups: non-circumcised women, and wealthy, highly educated urban women. Between 1995 and 2014 opposition to FGM increased considerably among other groups of women.ConclusionOur results show that the observed increases in opposition to FGM are not caused by younger cohorts of married women who oppose FGM, nor by the expansion of the groups most likely to oppose FGM. Rather, the results imply that the belief that FGM should be stopped spread to all walks of life, although poorly educated rural women remain least likely to oppose FGM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in attitudes towards female genital mutilation among ever-married Egyptian women, evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1995–2014: paths of change

Rossem

Meekers

Gage

2016

Int J Equity Health

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“…Although some prominent Islamic leaders have recognized that Islam does not require women to be cut [ 9 ] and even though the country’s supreme Islamic authorities reiterated it was prohibited [ 10 , 11 ], many Islamic leaders still accept or even support the practice [ 4 , 12 , 13 ]. In 2007 and 2008 laws were passed that banned the practice [ 14 , 15 ]. However, it remains unclear how rigidly these laws have been enforced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's position and attitudes towards female genital mutilation in Egypt: A secondary analysis of the Egypt demographic and health surveys, 1995-2014

2015

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BackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is still widespread in Egyptian society. It is strongly entrenched in local tradition and culture and has a strong link to the position of women. To eradicate the practice a major attitudinal change is a required for which an improvement in the social position of women is a prerequisite. This study examines the relationship between Egyptian women’s social positions and their attitudes towards FGM, and investigates whether the spread of anti-FGM attitudes is related to the observed improvements in the position of women over time.MethodsChanges in attitudes towards FGM are tracked using data from the Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys from 1995 to 2014. Multilevel logistic regressions are used to estimate 1) the effects of indicators of a woman’s social position on her attitude towards FGM, and 2) whether these effects change over time.ResultsLiterate, better educated and employed women are more likely to oppose FGM. Initially growing opposition to FGM was related to the expansion of women’s education, but lately opposition to FGM also seems to have spread to other segments of Egyptian society.ConclusionsThe improvement of women’s social position has certainly contributed to the spread of anti-FGM attitudes in Egyptian society. Better educated and less traditional women were at the heart of this change, and formed the basis from where anti-FGM sentiment has spread over wider segments of Egyptian society.

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“…However, other studies in Egypt revealed that percentage of FGM/C decreases among late adolescents and among university students. A secondary analysis study on the EDHS 2005, 2008 and 2014 reported that among girls aged (18)(19)(20) years, there is a decline in prevalence of FGM/C, as it was (77%) in 2005 and (61%) in 2015 [18] . Barakat and Mosleh [19] in Egypt, reported that the prevalence of FGM/C among university students was (50.9%).…”

Section: Correlates Of Exposure To Fgm\c  Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of the prevalence of FGM/C in Giza governorate showed 63.9% of females aged 5-30 years were circumcised. The prevalence was classified according to age groups to 33.3% among those aged <10 years, 55% among those aged 10-20 years and 71.1% among those aged >20 [20] . In Upper Egypt, prevalence of FGM/C is higher among girls aged 10-14 years to be 84.9%, is even higher in rural areas (92.5%) [21] .…”

Section: Correlates Of Exposure To Fgm\c  Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Early Adolescent Girls to Genital Mutilation / Cutting : Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People in Egypt

Sayeda¹,

Al-Attarb²,

Elgibalyb³

2017

Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: female genital mutilation/cuutting (FGM/C) is one of the main social problems affecting adolescent girls in Egypt. FGM/C has many health hazards affecting adolescents later in their lives. Researches related to FGM/C in Egypt focused mainly on prevalence and causes of FGM/C among women. However, there was little attention in exploring this problem among early adolescent girls. Aim: the objectives of this study included determining the prevalence and correlates of FGM/C among early adolescents in Egypt. Subjects and Methods: a secondary analysis of a nationally representative stratified multistage cluster sample using early adolescent girls using Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE) data 2009. Descriptive analysis was done using univariate & bivariate analysis to identify prevalence of FGM/C in Egypt among early adolescents and associated factors. Correlates of FGM/C were identified using logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval and P <0.05 as a significant level. Software used was SPSS version 20. Results: nearly two thirds of 10-14 years old girls in Egypt were exposed to FGM/C.FGM/C was carried on the majority of them by medical personnel (70.7%) at home or at private medical facilities. Older age, living in rural areas, and belonging to lowest wealth quintile were the main predictors of FGM\C exposure. Conclusions: FGM/C is still a major threat to early adolescent girls in Egypt especially by medical personnel among rural and poor families. Emphasizing strict legal sanctions against physicians performing the procedures as well as against responsible parents is very crucial in Egypt.

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Abusing female children by circumcision is continued in Egypt

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Trends in attitudes towards female genital mutilation among ever-married Egyptian women, evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1995–2014: paths of change

Trends in attitudes towards female genital mutilation among ever-married Egyptian women, evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1995–2014: paths of change

Women's position and attitudes towards female genital mutilation in Egypt: A secondary analysis of the Egypt demographic and health surveys, 1995-2014

Exposure of Early Adolescent Girls to Genital Mutilation / Cutting : Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People in Egypt

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