Abundant proteins in platelet-rich fibrin and their potential contribution to wound healing: An explorative proteomics study and review of the literature

Abstract

Background/purpose It is well-known that diverse types of blood proteins contribute to healing process via different mechanisms. Presence and potential involvements of blood-derived abundant proteins in the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to its regenerative capacity have not been sufficiently emphasized in the literature. The aim of this paper was to analyze the abundant proteome content of PRF and summarize previously reported effects of identified proteins on wound healing via a literature review. Materials and methods The PRF samples obtained from non-smoking, systemically healthy volunteers were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis after extracting the proteins from fibrin matrices. All matching spots were excised from the gels and identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS analysis. A literature review was conducted to reveal possible contributions of identified proteins to wound healing. Results Totally, thirty-five blood proteins were commonly identified among all studied samples. These proteins included serine protease inhibitors, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, inter-alpha-trypsin-inhibitor, protease C1 inhibitor, and complement proteins. In addition, abundant presence of immunoglobulin G was observed. The abundance of albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin vitronectin, fetuin-A, ficolin-3 and transthyretin was also detected. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that PRF abundantly contains blood-origin actors which were previously reported for their direct contribution to wound healing. Further studies exploring the protein content of PRF are needed to reveal its undisclosed potential roles in the healing process.

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“…For instance, multiple APPs showed significant elevation in the plasma of patients with more severe outcomes. Among them, CRP, ORM1, ORM2, and SERPINA3 are inflammatory factors that are controlled by multiple cytokines, such as interleukin-1b (IL-1b), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-6, and IL-6-related cytokines (Ceciliani and Lecchi, 2019;Cichy et al, 1995;Fournier et al, 2000;Luo et al, 2015;Tyagi et al, 2013;Yaprak et al, 2018), although S100A9 and its partner S100A8, also identified here, can induce inflammatory cytokines and immune cell migration (Wang et al, 2018). Moreover, S8 and S9.…”

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“…Interestingly, Anitua et al 17 also found acute phase response and LXR/RXR between the top ten canonical pathways in the analysis of the proteins extracted with acetonitrile from their PRC. The presence of abundant proteins related to acute phase response such as fibrinogen, albumin, and complement cascade factors were also identified in the secretome and the lysates of other PRC 17,20,21 . In our study, clathrin mediated endocytosis is the most represented pathway mostly due to the presence of growth factors identifications such as PDGF and EGF in the L-PRF secretome.…”

“…Some studies have used different approaches to analyse the proteome of different PRC, although all of them were obtained using anticoagulants 17,21 . Indeed, Yaprak et al analysed the PRF secretome by 2D-LC/ MS-MS finding a low number of identifications, only 35 20 .…”

“…Nevertheless, some of them have only measured the concentration of specific growth factors 15 , 16 , have compared growth factor release in different PRC 17 , or have measured their kinetics 18 , 19 . In fact, few studies have tried to analyse the PRC secretome in detail 17 , 20 , 21 . Differences in the study design and the types of samples analysed did not allow knowing the protein composition of the PRC releasate, specifically in the case of L-PRF.…”

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