Abundant conodont faunas from the Olenekian (Early Triassic) of subsurface British Columbia, Canada and diversification of the Neogondolellinae around the Smithian–Spathian boundary

Golding, Martyn

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103613

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…timorensis have been described by Golding et al (2015) from the subsurface of British Columbia in the Petro-Canada Kobes d-048-A/094-B-09 and Shell Groundbirch 16-02-078-22 W6 wells. Golding (2021b) reported the finding of Ch. timorensis in the subsurface of British Columbia, with only one specimen, and the author concluded, having in view the co-occurrence of the conodont Neogondolella bifurcata, that this suggests the Anisian.…”

Section: Chiosella Timorensis a Conodont Having A Longdisputed First Occurrence And Chronostratigraphic Rangementioning

confidence: 96%

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2021

Actapalrom

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The conodont Chiosella timorensis (Nogami, 1968) has for a long time been considered to be a suitable biotic proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The recently acquired ammonoid record around that boundary clearly shows that the FAD of this conodont is located well below the boundary, i.e., in the late Spathian. In the present paper, it is underlined that the conodont Chiosella timorensis was promoted as a proxy for the nominated boundary in the early 1980s when the ammonoid record around the boundary was not yet well established. On the other side, until the mid 1990s the taxonomic definition and the lineage of the conodont Chiosella timorensis were not well stated, and even now there are still controversial interpretations of the taxonomic content of this conodont species. The new data achieved from the ammonoid/conodont record around the nominated boundary, especially in the western USA, and also in the Deşli Caira section in Romania, firmly demonstrate that the conodont Chiosella timorensis is a defunct proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary. As a consequence, the present data on the ammonoid-documented Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary requires the recalibration of all physical events that have been tied to the FAD of the conodont Chiosella timorensis. The case of the Albanian Kçira-section, for which the chronostratigraphic interpretation of the ammonoid record is proved incorrect, definitely makes the conodont Chiosella timorensis a defunct proxy for the nominated boundary. Also, the case of the two Chinese sections recently proposed as being "exceptional" GSSP candidates for the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, which is based on an inconsistent ammonoid/conodont biochronology, fully strengthens this conclusion. The history of the controversial usage of the conodont species Chiosella timorensis in defining the Olenekian-Anisian boundary justifies a discussion about the usefulness of conodonts in the chronostratigraphic calibration of the standard Triassic timescale. One may conclude that the conodonts are not qualified, and have not a reasonable potential, to be used to define or to redefine the boundaries of chronostratigraphic units in the standard Triassic timescale, which have been basically defined on ammonoid biochronology.

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Section: Chiosella Timorensis a Conodont Having A Longdisputed First Occurrence And Chronostratigraphic Rangementioning

confidence: 96%

Untitled

2021

Actapalrom

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“…buurensis (Dagys); Chen et al ., fig. 5.9 (only).2021 Borinella buurensis (Dagys) Golding, fig. 5 nr.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An expanded Smithian–Spathian (Lower Triassic) boundary from a reefal build‐up record in Oman: implications for conodont taxonomy, high‐resolution biochronology and the carbon isotope record

Leu¹,

Bucher²,

Baud

et al. 2023

Papers in Palaeontology

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Some 2.7 myr after the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction, a stepwise extinction of the nekton (ammonoids and conodonts) ended at the Smithian-Spathian boundary (SSB) during an episode of climate cooling. SSB records from continental shelves are usually affected by an unconformity, suggesting a forced regression of glacioeustatic origin. Here, we document a new 30-m-thick SSB section from Jebel Aweri (Batain Plain, Oman) that provides an exceptionally complete and expanded record preserved in an exotic block. Most of this SSB section consists of microbial boundstone build-ups with a framework of metazoan bioclasts that formed in shallow water on an offshore seamount. In Wadi Musjah (Hawasina nappes, Oman), another exotic block records the SSB in a deeper water setting represented by Hallstatt-type facies. These two sections provide a unique perspective on the early Spathian rapid re-diversification of conodonts. They led to a thorough revision of conodont taxonomy around the SSB and to the construction of the highest resolution biochronological scheme for this time interval in the Tethys. A total of five SSB sections from Oman representing both offshore seamounts and lower slope deposits were included in a high-resolution, quantitative unitary associations (UA) analysis. The resulting 8 conodont biozones are intercalibrated with ammonoid zones and with the carbonate carbon isotope record ultimately placing the SSB in the interval of separation between UAZ 3 and UAZ 4 . Only the association of Novispathodus pingdingshanensis with Icriospathodus crassatus can be used to unambiguously characterize the base of the Spathian.

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“…Only a handful of studies have produced continuous environmental records across the entire Lower Triassic interval of environmental instability at the regional or local scale (e.g., Shen et al, 2015;Lau et al, 2016;Grasby et al, 2021;Ishizaki and Shiino, 2023;Saito et al, 2023). Analysis of paleobiologic trends during this period suggests that recovery was often sluggish or reset by persistent environmental stresses (Pietsch et al, 2014;Song et al, 2014;Woods et al, 2019), resulting in a slow biotic rebound that frequently stretched well beyond the earliest Triassic, to perhaps as late as the early middle Triassic (Anisian) (e.g., Schubert, 1989;Hallam, 1991;Twitchett and Wignall, 1996;Boyer et al, 2004;Pruss and Bottjer, 2004;Twitchett and Barras, 2004;Nützel and Schulbert, 2005;Baucon and De Carvalho, 2016;Golding, 2021;Wang et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022). It is important, therefore, to produce longer palaeoenvironmental records that allow us to better understand the complex relationship between biotic trends and environmental conditions, and, as a result, how the planet and its biota recover from protracted, multifaceted environmental crises, including the hyperthermal event associated with the PTME or our modern climate emergency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthermal-driven anoxia and reduced productivity in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: a case study from Western Canada

Woods,

Zonneveld,

Wakefield

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Introduction: The eruption of the Siberian Traps near the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) resulted in the rapid input of vast amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere and the subsequent development of a hothouse climate across much of the Early Triassic. The distribution of environmental stresses led to a complex recovery as survivors navigated high SSTs in shallow settings and an expanded OMZ that impinged upon the continental shelves. The Ursula Creek section of western British Columbia preserves a complete Lower-lowermost Middle Triassic sedimentary record of deep-water facies and provides a means to examine how offshore oceanic conditions varied along the western continental margin of Pangaea across the PTB and the entire Permian-Triassic recovery interval.Methods: A total of 204 samples were collected from the uppermost Permian Fantasque Formation, the Griesbachian—Dienerian Grayling Formation and the Smithian—Anisian Toad Formation and analyzed for major, minor, and trace elements in addition to %TOC contents.Results: Anoxic to euxinic conditions were persistent during deposition of most of the study interval based on lithologic indicators (finely-laminated siltstone that lacks trace fossils and a benthic fauna) and elevated Mo, U, and V enrichment factors (EFs). Ba, Cu, Ni, P, and Zn EFs indicate dampened productivity (EFs <1) across the much of the Early Triassic that was the result of weakened upwelling during a global hothouse interval. An increase in Cu, Ni, P, and Zn enrichment factors during the Anisian track a decline in global temperatures and the reestablishment of coastal upwelling as global thermal gradients and wind speeds increased.Discussion: The results of this study point to the persistence of hyperthermal events and associated environmental stressors and underscores the urgency of curbing modern greenhouse gas emissions to prevent Earth from tipping into a hothouse state.

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Abundant conodont faunas from the Olenekian (Early Triassic) of subsurface British Columbia, Canada and diversification of the Neogondolellinae around the Smithian–Spathian boundary

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

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An expanded Smithian–Spathian (Lower Triassic) boundary from a reefal build‐up record in Oman: implications for conodont taxonomy, high‐resolution biochronology and the carbon isotope record

Hyperthermal-driven anoxia and reduced productivity in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: a case study from Western Canada

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