Abundance, diversity, and species composition of fungal communities in a temperate forest affected by excreta of the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

Osono, Takashi; Hobara, Satoru; Fujiwara, S; Koba, Keisuke; Kameda, Kayoko

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(02)00123-2

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Osono et al (2002) showed that the diversity of the microfungal community is proportional to the nutrient content (phosphorus and nitrogen, in particular) in the area where the birds nest and is maintained for 2-3 years after a colony had been abandoned by the birds. The effect of the little auk mycobiota on the tundra is unknown, but it may be speculated that the fungi reported from little auks are likely to be present in the colony area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially pathogenic yeast isolated from the throat and cloaca of an Arctic colonial seabird: the little auk (Alle alle)

et al. 2012

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Yeasts are a distinctive group of microfungi, but compared to other microorganisms, their ecological function and biodiversity are poorly known. This is especially so where polar ecosystems are concerned. With climate changes and increasing pollution levels in the Arctic, it can be anticipated that there will be an increase in the prevalence and diversity of fungi colonizing live organisms. With these changes, it is crucial to investigate and monitor species diversity and prevalence of fungi in this fragile environment. In this study, yeasts were examined from throat and cloaca of a small colonial seabird, the little auk (Alle alle), a keystone species in the Arctic ecosystem. Samples were collected from 94 adults and 17 nestlings in breeding colony in Magdalenefjorden (NW Spitsbergen) in 2009. In total, twelve species of yeast from eight genera were found in 12 % of the samples, with the Dipodascus genus being the most prevalent. All yeast species were found in the adults, but only one species, Cryptococcus macerans, was found in a single nestling. In individuals where fungus was isolated, it was only isolated from either the throat or the cloaca, except for two cases, where fungus was found in both throat and cloaca. The presence of yeast was not related to sex but age of the birds, with adults being more prone to colonization by yeasts than the nestlings. The relatively low prevalence and diversity of yeast in little auks suggest that these birds are random carriers of fungi, with minor health impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially pathogenic yeast isolated from the throat and cloaca of an Arctic colonial seabird: the little auk (Alle alle)

et al. 2012

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“…3). The reduced fungal biomass at Sites P and A was possibly attributable to the inhibitory effects on fungal growth of excreta rich in ammonia, uric acid, and salts (see Section 4.1) and to the decreased availability of carbon compounds owing to condensation of N-rich compounds (Osono et al, 2002). Söderström et al (1983) also reported a decrease in microbial biomass after N fertilization in coniferous forest soils.…”

Section: Fungal Biomass In Dead Needles and Twigsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this chapter I summarize a series of published papers reporting the effects of excess supply of N as avian excreta on fungal communities and plant litter decomposition in conifer plantations colonized by cormorants (Osono et al, 2002(Osono et al, , 2006a(Osono et al, , 2006bKatsumata, 2004) to present a comprehensive picture of their relationships and to predict long-term patterns in the accumulation of dead plant tissues and excreta-derived nutrients on the forest floor. The following hypotheses are addressed.…”

Section: Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, fungal biomass and species composition were studied separately. Firstly, dead needles and twigs of C. obtusa were collected from the forest floor, and the length of hyphae in the tissues was examined with a direct observation method as a measure of fungal biomass and compared among forest stands with different histories of cormorant colonization (Osono et al, 2002). Twigs were defined as woody tissues with a diameter less than 0.5 cm.…”

Section: Excreta Deposition and Fungal Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excess Supply of Nutrients, Fungal Community, and Plant Litter Decomposition: A Case Study of Avian-Derived Excreta Deposition in Conifer Plantations

Osono¹

2012

International Perspectives on Global Environmental Change

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“…Though there is a number of studies dealing with reaction of fungi to the increase of nutrient levels (e. g. Ohenoja 1988;Kårén, Nylund 1997;Wallenda, Kottke 1998;Peter et al 2001, Tarvainen et al 2003Edwards et al 2004), effect of ornithogenic disturbances is, however, much less studied. Ninomiya et al (1993), SchoenleinCrusius et al (1996) and Osono et al (2002Osono et al ( , 2006b) studied soil and forest floor litter micromycetes in bird colonies, but their investigations were based on isolated fungal cultures, not on fungal fructification, and therefore most of mycobiota groups remained unstudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species diversity and composition of fungal communities in a Scots pine forest affected by the great cormorant colony

et al. 2013

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Kutorga E., Iršėnaitė R., Iznova T., Kasparavičius J., Markovskaja S., Motiejūnaitė J.: Species diversity and composition of fungal communities in a Scots pine forest affected by the great cormorant colony. Acta Mycol. 48 (2): 173-188, 2013.A Scots pine forest, affected by the great cormorant colony, was studied by plot-based fungal survey method during the years 2010-2012 in Lithuania. Diversity and composition of fungal communities were investigated at five zones that had been influenced by different stages of breeding colony establishment: starting-point and almost abandoned cormorant colony part (zones A and B), active part (zones C and D), and the edge of the colony (zone E). The control zone G in undamaged by cormorants pine stand was assessed too. A total of 257 fungal species of ascomycetes including anamorphic fungi, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes were recorded. Seven species were registered for the first time in Lithuania. Species richness in the examined zones varied, lowest being in zones B (51 species), C (46) and D (73) and almost twice as high in the zones A and E (129 and 120, respectively). The comparison of fungal species compositions of different zones showed that their similarity was rather low (S S : 0.22-0.59). The most obvious changes in the trophic structure of fungal communities in the territory occupied by the bird colony were a strong decrease of mycorrhizal species, the presence of coprophilous fungi on forest litter, and the appearance of host-specialized fungi on alien and non-forest plants that have established in the disturbed forest.

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Abundance, diversity, and species composition of fungal communities in a temperate forest affected by excreta of the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Potentially pathogenic yeast isolated from the throat and cloaca of an Arctic colonial seabird: the little auk (Alle alle)

Potentially pathogenic yeast isolated from the throat and cloaca of an Arctic colonial seabird: the little auk (Alle alle)

Excess Supply of Nutrients, Fungal Community, and Plant Litter Decomposition: A Case Study of Avian-Derived Excreta Deposition in Conifer Plantations

Species diversity and composition of fungal communities in a Scots pine forest affected by the great cormorant colony

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