Abundance and Composition of Epiphytic Bacterial and Archaeal Ammonia Oxidizers of Marine Red and Brown Macroalgae

Trias, Rosalia; García-Lledó, Arantzazu; Sánchez, Noemí; López-Jurado, José Luís; Hallin, Sara; Bañeras, Lluís

doi:10.1128/aem.05904-11

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These findings are in contrast with our hypothesis and previous studies, in which the rhizosphere and root surfaces of freshwater macrophytes strongly favored the development of AOA over AOB (11,12). However, it was recently shown that macroalgal surfaces in marine systems harbor a higher abundance of AOB than AOA (33). This indicates that the presence of plants or specific plant species alone cannot account for the relative differences of one or the other group of ammonia oxidizers.…”

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confidence: 56%

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Emergent Macrophytes Act Selectively on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea

Trias

Ruiz-Rueda

García-Lledó

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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d Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were quantified in the sediments and roots of dominant macrophytes in eight neutral to alkaline coastal wetlands. The AOA dominated in most samples, but the bacterial-to-archaeal amoA gene ratios increased with increasing ammonium levels and pH in the sediments. For all plant species, the ratios increased on the root surface relative to the adjacent bulk sediment. This suggests that root surfaces in these environments provide conditions favoring enrichment of AOB. N itrification is a critical process for nitrogen retention in coastal wetlands, which are important transition zones between marine and terrestrial environments. Nitrification rates are commonly higher in the rhizosphere of macrophytes than in the bulk sediment (16,24), suggesting that nitrifiers are stimulated by rhizosphere conditions of wetland plants. Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step in nitrification, is performed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). For freshwater macrophytes, plant-specific differences in the composition and abundance of AOB and AOA have been described both in the rhizosphere (11, 12) and on the epiphyton of submerged shoots (4, 9). The AOA generally outcompete AOB at low ammonia concentrations (10,13,14,26,29,30). Also, root exudates may play a role in the relative distribution of AOB and AOA, even though ammonia oxidation is mainly considered an autotrophic process, as mixotrophy at the expense of pyruvate has been proven for a soil AOA isolate (15,22,30). Aquatic macrophytes such as Phragmites australis can release up to 70 mg of dissolved organic carbon g Ϫ1 (root wet weight) day Ϫ1 (31) and may include organic compounds that are needed for AOA dependent on mixotrophy.Despite the importance of coastal wetlands as nutrient filters, little is known about ammonia oxidizers in these environments. However, based on the above-referenced findings and the fact that AOA dominate marine systems (6, 7), our hypothesis is that AOA are important in coastal wetlands and in particular in the rhizosphere of macrophytes. Our aim was to quantify the relative abundance of AOA and AOB and measure the potential nitrification rates in the sediment and at the root surface of the dominant macrophytes in coastal lagoons to determine if the two groups are differently favored due to their potential interactions with plants. All environments were slightly to moderately alkaline (pH 7.2 to 9.9) and were environments poorly studied in terms of AOB and AOA abundance in plant-associated microbial communities. Samples were obtained from eight coastal lagoons located in two protected areas in Spain with different climatic conditions, covering broad variations in salinity and eutrophication levels.At the Empordà and Baix Ter wetlands (42°14=N, 3°06=E) (2, 19, 23), two oligohaline lagoons, Ter Vell (TV) and Basses d'en Coll (BC), and two euhaline lagoons, Fra Ramon (FR) and Túries (TU), were sampled. The Doñana National Park (37°01=N, 6°25=W) is located in an arid area wi...

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“…The 16S rRNA genes of Bacteria and Crenarchaeota and the amoA genes coding for the bacterial and archaeal ammonia mo-nooxygenases were quantified in sediment and rhizosphere samples as described previously (33,35). No relationship was found between amoA gene abundances and PNR when both root and sediment samples were considered together.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Macrophytes Act Selectively on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea

Trias

Ruiz-Rueda

García-Lledó

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Copy numbers of bacterial, crenarchaeal and thaumarchaeal 16 s rRNA gene were determined in DNA extracts from biofilm samples by qPCR using the conditions described in Trias and colleagues (). PCR efficiency ranged between 80% and 90% with r 2 values > 0.99.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in microbial community structure and function in light‐ and dark‐grown biofilms driven by warming

Romaní

Borrego

Díaz-Villanueva

et al. 2014

Environmental Microbiology

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Biofilms are dynamic players in biogeochemical cycling in running waters and are subjected to environmental stressors like those provoked by climate change. We investigated whether a 2°C increase in flowing water would affect prokaryotic community composition and heterotrophic metabolic activities of biofilms grown under light or dark conditions. Neither light nor temperature treatments were relevant for selecting a specific bacterial community at initial phases (7-day-old biofilms), but both variables affected the composition and function of mature biofilms (28-day-old). In dark-grown biofilms, changes in the prokaryotic community composition due to warming were mainly related to rotifer grazing, but no significant changes were observed in functional fingerprints. In light-grown biofilms, warming also affected protozoan densities, but its effect on prokaryotic density and composition was less evident. In contrast, heterotrophic metabolic activities in light-grown biofilms under warming showed a decrease in the functional diversity towards a specialized use of several carbohydrates. Results suggest that prokaryotes are functionally redundant in dark biofilms but functionally plastic in light biofilms. The more complex and self-serving light-grown biofilm determines a more buffered response to temperature than dark-grown biofilms. Despite the moderate increase in temperature of only 2°C, warming conditions drive significant changes in freshwater biofilms, which responded by finely tuning a complex network of interactions among microbial populations within the biofilm matrix.

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“…Diverse bacteria live within the biofilm; however, these bacteria are not randomly distributed among different algal species. Each algal species hosts and supports bacterial communities with different species compositions, and the same algal species tends to host the same bacterial community, even in different environments (Lachnit et al ., 2009; Trias et al ., 2012). This phenomenon may occur because the host species may have markedly different spatial environments, physiological states, and chemical factors (including QS metabolites), which determine the composition of the associated bacterial community.…”

Section: Ecological Functions Of Qs During Algal-bacterial Interamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum Sensing Is a Language of Chemical Signals and Plays an Ecological Role in Algal-Bacterial Interactions

Zhou

Lyu

Richlen

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

147

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Algae are ubiquitous in the marine environment, and the ways in which they interact with bacteria are of particular interest in marine ecology field. The interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape microbial diversity. Although algal-bacterial interactions are well known and studied, information regarding the chemical-ecological role of this relationship remains limited, particularly with respect to quorum sensing (QS), which is a system of stimuli and response correlated to population density. In the microbial biosphere, QS is pivotal in driving community structure and regulating behavioral ecology, including biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotic resistance, swarming motility, and secondary metabolite production. Many marine habitats, such as the phycosphere, harbour diverse populations of microorganisms and various signal languages (such as QS-based autoinducers). QS-mediated interactions widely influence algal-bacterial symbiotic relationships, which in turn determine community organization, population structure, and ecosystem functioning. Understanding infochemicals-mediated ecological processes may shed light on the symbiotic interactions between algae host and associated microbes. In this review, we summarize current achievements about how QS modulates microbial behavior, affects symbiotic relationships, and regulates phytoplankton chemical ecological processes. Additionally, we present an overview of QS-modulated co-evolutionary relationships between algae and bacterioplankton, and consider the potential applications and future perspectives of QS.

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Abundance and Composition of Epiphytic Bacterial and Archaeal Ammonia Oxidizers of Marine Red and Brown Macroalgae

Cited by 55 publications

References 45 publications

Emergent Macrophytes Act Selectively on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea

Emergent Macrophytes Act Selectively on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea

Shifts in microbial community structure and function in light‐ and dark‐grown biofilms driven by warming

Quorum Sensing Is a Language of Chemical Signals and Plays an Ecological Role in Algal-Bacterial Interactions

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