“…Numerous studies have been conducted to deconvolve tumor evolution by investigating the characteristics of GBM (Table 1). Primary and recurrent GBM longitudinal cohorts are the classical model widely used to examine for tumor evolution driven by treatment 4,6,18,[33][34][35] . For instance, Wang et al 4 have assessed the longitudinal genome and transcriptomic data of 114 patients, and have found that GBM has a highly branched evolutionary pattern during its recurrence: 63% of the patients experienced changes in GBM molecular subtypes.…”