“…PD-L1 and B7-H3 immune checkpoint molecules can be upregulated on the surface of EVs in response to radiation therapy. 46 , 47 Additional studies should focus on characterizing the molecular composition of PCEVs and determining the effect of SABR on expression of immuno-regulatory molecules. Furthermore, it is critical to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in EV-mediated antitumor immunity in response to SABR using immunocompetent prostate cancer mouse models.…”