Abstract:Background: Upregulation of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells results in the deactivation of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment and development of tolerance to the malignant cells. We aimed to investigate the role of PD-L1 expression in early stage breast cancer and its correlation with tumor characteristics as well as assess the relationship between PD-L1 membrane protein and gene expression.
Methods: For this single center, retrospective study, women (age >18… Show more
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