Abstract:Background:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, are increasingly used in treatment of advanced stage cancers due to a well-established mortality benefit. ICI therapy is associated with immune mediated toxicity which may impact any organ system. Cardiovascular toxicities are rare based on existing data, but associated with high mortality rates.
… Show more
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.