Absorption Wavebands for Discriminating Oxidation Time of Engine Oil as Detected by FT-IR Spectroscopy

Abdul-Munaim, Ali Mazin; Holland, Torrey; Sivakumar, P.; Watson, Dennis G.

doi:10.3390/lubricants7030024

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…By comparing the spectra of fresh engine oil and worn engine oil in the area of fingerprint FTIR spectra, several changes can be observed in the infrared bands. The bands with a peak at 1172 and 1156 cm −1 belong to the sulfonate detergent tension bands [38,39], and the bands with a peak at 970 cm −1 and 656 cm −1 belong to the ZDDP. RMSEC was 0.193 mg KOH.g −1 and RMSEP = 0.124 mg KOH.g −1 for ten external samples.…”

Section: Figure 3 Rmsecv Depending On the Number Of Principal Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR Spectrometry with PLS Regression for Rapid TBN Determination of Worn Mineral Engine Oils

et al. 2020

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The TBN (Total Base Number) parameter is generally recognized by both engine oil processors and engine manufacturers as a key factor of oil quality. This is especially true for lubricating oils used in diesel and gas engines, which are exposed to relatively high temperatures and, therefore, require more effective protection against degradation. The FTIR spectrometry method together with a multivariate statistical software helped to create a model for the determination of TBN of worn motor oil SAE 15W-40 ACEA: E5/E7, API: CI-4. The best results were provided using a model FTIR with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression in an overall range of 4000–650 cm−1 without the use of mathematical adjustments of the scanned spectra by derivation. Individual spectral information was condensed into nine principal components with linear combinations of the original absorbances at given wavenumbers that are mutually not correlated. A correlation coefficient (R) between values of TBN predicted by the FTIR-PLS model and values determined using a potentiometric titration in line with the ČSN ISO 3771 standard reached a value of 0.93. The Root Mean Square Error of Calibration (RMSEC) was determined to be 0.171 mg KOH.g−1, and the Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) was determined to be 0.140 mg KOH.g−1. The main advantage of the proposed FTIR-PLS model can be seen in a rapid determination and elimination of the necessity to work with dangerous chemicals. FTIR-PLS is used mainly in areas of oil analysis where the speed of analysis is often more important than high accuracy.

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Section: Figure 3 Rmsecv Depending On the Number Of Principal Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR Spectrometry with PLS Regression for Rapid TBN Determination of Worn Mineral Engine Oils

et al. 2020

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“…The high content of oxidation products further contributes to an increase in the acidity of the oil leading to a corrosive effect and contributes to an increase in viscosity and carbon deposits. Anti-foaming additives are used to counter the effect of air in the oil, antioxidants are used to decrease the speed the oxidation [25,26].…”

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Tractor Engine Oil Change Interval Based on Material Properties

Hönig

Procházka

Obergruber

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This article focuses on the issue of motor oils used in the engines of off-road mobile machinery (NRMM), more specifically tractors. The primary goal of the paper is to determine the appropriate replacement interval for these oils. The physical properties of the examined samples were first determined by conventional instruments. Furthermore, the concentration of abrasive metals, contaminants, and additive elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer. Lastly, the content of water, fuel, glycol, and the products of oxidation, nitration, and sulphation were determined by using infrared spectrometry. The measured values were compared to the limit values. Based on the processing and evaluation of these analyses, the overall condition of the oils was assessed and subsequently the optimal exchange interval of the examined oils was determined. In addition, a risk analysis of the outage was performed. Due to the high yields of crops, farmers can lose a significant amount of product when a tractor is not functioning during the harvest period. This loss for calculated in the paper.

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“…A physical change that oxidation causes is that the viscosity of the oil rises depending on the amount of oxygen that is used up as a result of the process [7,8]. Based on the type of anti-wear components, sulfonate detergents, material antioxidants, carbonyl compounds, hydroxyl and so on, there is infrared radiation absorption at a characteristic wavelength in all of the covalent chemical bonds in organic molecules [9]. Maleville et al [8] showed how the process of oxidation is influenced by the aromatic and sulphur content as well as the composition of the oils because of the consumption of oxygen and thin film oxidation tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes determining of the scope of the oil tests using the FTIR method [13]. Literature survey shows that near wave numbers 860 cm −1 and 970 cm −1 is where absorption is the highest and this was related to the oxidation times and for each of these oxidation times, the absorbance rate was quite different from all of the other times [9]. The wavenumbers mentioned above are closer to the IR spectra and measurements of this can be easily taken with the UV spectroscopy method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would be interesting to know if a study of an analysis of engine oil deteriorated in the laboratory would still hold true for samples taken from the field. There are reports done earlier by researchers on experimentally tested oil that was degraded in the laboratory in an environment that was controlled [2,7,9,23,26]. Studies that have been published in the existing literature show how the existance of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) influences the contents of the contaminants such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb as well as the extent of alterations in the physical and chemical parameters like Total Base Number, Total Acid Number, kinematic viscosity during the service life of the engine oil [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating petrol engine oil deterioration through oxidation and nitration parameters by low-cost IR sensor

Shinde

Bewoor

2020

Appl Petrochem Res

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For the proper working of the internal combustion engine, engine oil plays a significant role. The performance of the engine is greatly affected by oil that has degenerated. In order to determine the optimal gap between oil changes, it is crucial to measure the deterioration in the engine oil. Multiple parameters like oxidation, nitration, viscosity and so on are brought into use. One of the methods used to quantify the deterioration in the engine oil is the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The main parameters of the engine oil are distinguished by this method by utilizing Infrared (IR) absorption at different bandwidths. The two significant parameters in engine oil deterioration are oxidation and nitration. However, the limitation of the FTIR method is that it is more expensive and since it uses huge machinery, it requires a lot of area. Hence, the use of this method is not possible in the field area due to the need for space. It is this major limitation that is the motivation for proposing an inexpensive, yet handy system, using an IR sensor set up, in this paper. This system is used for measuring the transmittance of engine oil that has degenerated. For this paper, we collected random samples at various times from service stations that were specifically authorized. These samples were used in experiments based on the FTIR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometer and the results were compared using the IR sensor setup. Investigation of the experimental results showed that monitoring oil transmittance using an IR sensor setup is possible, and a robust relationship between oxidation and nitration and the transmittance of the oil was observed. Moreover, a pattern of deterioration for a specific engine oil (SAE 5W30) which is utilized for passenger cars and light duty vehicles was also established.

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Absorption Wavebands for Discriminating Oxidation Time of Engine Oil as Detected by FT-IR Spectroscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

FTIR Spectrometry with PLS Regression for Rapid TBN Determination of Worn Mineral Engine Oils

FTIR Spectrometry with PLS Regression for Rapid TBN Determination of Worn Mineral Engine Oils

Determination of Tractor Engine Oil Change Interval Based on Material Properties

Evaluating petrol engine oil deterioration through oxidation and nitration parameters by low-cost IR sensor

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