Absorption of Nicotine from a Cigarette That Does Not Burn Tobacco

deBethizy, D.; Robinson, John H.; Davis, Riley A.; Doolittle, David J.; Burger, Gary T.; Reynolds, John H.; Fletcher, Robert G.; Hayes, Wallace A.

doi:10.1159/000138484

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The different responses noted in the earlier study appear to be due to the low availability of nicotine from the specially designed reference cigarette used in that study. The similarity noted here between test and reference has been confirmed in additional animal inhalation studies , and in a clinical trial (deBethizy et al, 1988). Cigarettes that only heat tobacco thus do not differ from cigarettes that burn tobacco, in terms of the bioavailability of nicotine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparative Inhalation Study in Rats, Using a Second Prototype of a Cigarette that Heats Rather than Burns Tobacco

Coggins

Ayres

Mosberg

et al. 1989

Inhalation Toxicology

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Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only for 1 h/day on weekdays for 13 weeks to the smoke from test and reference cigarettes. The test cigarette was a new prototype: the tobacco is heated rather than burned. The University of Kentucky lR4F cigarette was used as a reference. The exposures used were around 25% higher than those used in earlier studies, and for the test cigarette the resulting blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations approached those associated with death (62 + %). The smoke from the reference cigarette produced substantial reductions in breathing frequency, whereas the smoke from the test cigarette did not. The availability of nicotine from test and reference cigarettes was very similar. The histopathology seen (mucus-secreting cells; nasal, laryngeal, and bronchial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, pulmonary macrophages) indicated that most of the changes observed in the reference animals were absent in the test animals. When changes were seen in the test groups (primarily in the larynx), they were substantially reduced when compared with the reference groups and were completely reversible.The authors thank

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparative Inhalation Study in Rats, Using a Second Prototype of a Cigarette that Heats Rather than Burns Tobacco

Coggins

Ayres

Mosberg

et al. 1989

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Strong species differences or other physical and chemical mechanisms may provide the explanation for the differences in the studies. Recent work with human subjects (deBethizy et al, 1988) has shown no differences between test and reference cigarettes in terms of resultant plasma nicotine concentrations, plasma cotinine, and the plasma cotinine-tonicotine ratio. Plasma nicotine was shown to be directly proportional to the nicotine yield of the cigarette.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Subchronic Inhalation Bioassay in Hamsters of a Cicarette that only Heats Tobacco

Wehner

Renne

Greenspan

et al. 1990

Inhalation Toxicology

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This subchronic inhalation study compared the effects of nose-only exposure in hamsters to the smoke from the University of Kentucky lR4F reference cigarette, which burns tobacco, and a test cigarette, which only heats tobacco. Thirty-four Syrian golden hamsters per sex per group were exposed to either reference or test smoke at 0, 120,350, or 640 p g wet total particulate matter (WTPM)/I of air, 7 h/day, 5 days/wk. Of these 34 hamsters, 9 hamsters/sex/group were evaluated for respiratory flow, blood carboxyhemoglobin, and plasma nicotine and cotinine during the first 12 wk of exposure and then killed. Another 75 of the 34 hamsters/sex/group were killed and evaluated after 13 wk of exposure (Basic Study); the remaining 10 hamsters/sex/group were held without smoke exposure for an additional 6 wk (Recovery Croup). Clinical appearance, mortalit8 body and selected organ weights, and gross and histologic changes were examined in hamsters killed after 13 wk of exposure and 6 wk after cessation of exposure. Hematologic and clinical chemistry parameters were examined in hamsters killed after 13 wk of exposure. The test tobacco smoke produced significantly fewer and less pronounced biological changes than the reference tobacco smoke. Histologic changes were either absent or less frequent and less pronounced in the test tobacco smoke groups. Microscopic lesions regressed completely in all test tobacco smoke groups and completely or partially in the reference tobacco smoke groups after 6 wk of recovery INTRODUCTIONThe objectives of this study were to investigate, in a subchronic (13wk) nose-only inhalation bioassay in hamsters, the biological effects of This work was performed by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, for the R. A. P. WEHNER ET AL.a test cigarette smoke; to compare these effects to those of the University of Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarette smoke; and to obtain data on the reversibility of any exposure-related changes.The test cigarette heats rather than burns tobacco. It looks, lights, and smokes like cigarettes that burn tobacco, but produces no ash and virtually no sidestream smoke after the first few puffs. A refined carbon heat source in the tip heats an aluminum capsule and generates warm air that passes through tobacco, tobacco extract, flavoring, and glycerol to form smoke that looks and tastes like smoke from conventional cigarettes. However, because the tobacco does not burn, many compounds produced by burning tobacco are eliminated or greatly reduced (R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 1988). METHODS Test and Reference CigarettesThe test cigarettes were provided by the manufacturer (R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston-Salem, N.C.). The University of Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarettes were purchased from the Tobacco and Health Research Institute (University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.). This cigarette was designed to provide tar and nicotine yields near the salesweighted averages of those in the United States market (Davis et al., 1984). Table 1 gives comparative information on the Federal Trade Com...

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“…The ratio of cotinine to nicotine indicates that the nicotine metabolism was approximately similar in the test and reference groups, with large variability in the data. Recent work in human subjects (deBethizy et al, 1988) has shown no differences between test and reference cigarettes in terms of resultant plasma nicotine concentrations, plasma cotinine, and the plasma cotinine to nicotine ratio. Plasma nicotine was shown to be directly proportional to the nicotine yield of the cigarette.…”

Section: Fig 1 I-continuedmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ninety-day inhalation study in rats, comparing smoke from cigarettes that heat tobacco with those that burn tobacco*1

Coggins

1989

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

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Eight groups of 30 male and 30 female rats were exposed 1 hr per day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks, to smoke from reference (tobacco burned) or test (tobacco only heated) cigarettes, at nicotine concentrations of 5, 15, or 30 micrograms/liter of air. Similar smoke concentrations of wet total particulate matter and carbon monoxide were produced in each of the test/reference comparisons. There was a pronounced depression of minute ventilation of animals in the reference groups, but not in the test animals. Blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were similar in animals exposed to smoke from test and reference cigarettes. Plasma concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in the test groups were higher than in the reference groups. There were no differences between the smoke-exposed groups in terms of body weight or feed consumption. At necropsy, an increase in heart weight was noted in both high exposure groups. There were notable differences in histopathology, with fewer and less-pronounced changes in the test groups than in the reference groups. Many of the histopathological responses induced in the reference groups were absent in the test groups. Overall, the study demonstrated a substantial reduction in the biological activity of smoke from the test cigarette when compared with the reference.

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Absorption of Nicotine from a Cigarette That Does Not Burn Tobacco

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Comparative Inhalation Study in Rats, Using a Second Prototype of a Cigarette that Heats Rather than Burns Tobacco

Comparative Inhalation Study in Rats, Using a Second Prototype of a Cigarette that Heats Rather than Burns Tobacco

Comparative Subchronic Inhalation Bioassay in Hamsters of a Cicarette that only Heats Tobacco

Ninety-day inhalation study in rats, comparing smoke from cigarettes that heat tobacco with those that burn tobacco*1

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