“…In fact, the political impact of ministerial instability has been researched only sporadically and with different results. First, the literature recognized the effect of instability on administrative reforms (Cohen, 2022; Mele & Ongaro, 2014), the level of clientelism and patronage (O'Dwyer, 2006), and the efficiency in the absorption of EU funds (Hagemann, 2019). But, more important to our argument, it has also revealed the impact on the daily life of the ministry, affecting policymaking and individual behaviour (Tosun, 2018; Wynen et al, 2019, 2020).…”