Absorption of endotoxin from the mammary glands and uteri of early postpartum sows and gilts

Elmore, R.G.; Martin, C; Berg, J. N.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(78)90133-4

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The clinical signs and the rise in temperature seen after the endotoxin injection correspond well with earlier findings in the porcine species (ELMORE et al, 1978;WRATHALL et al, 1978;KURTZ and QUAST, 1982;CORT, 1986;WALLGREN, 1989;WALLGREN et al, 1993). In the animals given FM prior to the endotoxin injection, the clinical signs of endotoxaemia appeared but there was a delay before manifestation and a milder clinical response was seen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Modulation of Endotoxin‐induced Andrological Alterations by Flunixin Meglumine in the Boar

Wallgren

Kindahl

Rodriguez‐Martinez

1995

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary Flunixin meglumine (FM), an inhibitor of the cyclo‐oxygenase pathway of the prostaglandin synthesis, was used to evaluate the andrological changes following an endotoxin (ET) administration in the boar. FM was injected as a single dose 10 min prior to an ET injection. Blood plasma was analysed for the contents of 15‐ketodihydroprostaglandin (PG) F2α LH, testosterone and Cortisol. Twelve h after the ET administration, the boars were castrated and the testes examined by light and electron microscopy. The results were compared between controls, ET‐, FM‐ and FM + ET‐treated boars. An increase in 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α levels was seen following ET administration. Pre treatment with FM decreased the levels of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α during 2 h. Following the ET administration a voluminous increase in testosterone levels as well as changed LH levels were seen. Similar alterations in hormonal levels were observed also after pretreatment with FM, however, delayed about 2 h, and during this time a marked decrease in testosterone levels was seen. In the testes an infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the interstitium and histological changes among the Leydig cells were seen after ET injection. Pretreatment with FM reduced the number of invading PMN and the Leydig cells appeared less affected. The results show that FM modulated the negative effects of ET on the testicular function in the boar, indicating that the initiation of the arachidonic acid cascade was of importance for the induction of the alterations following an ET injection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Modulation of Endotoxin‐induced Andrological Alterations by Flunixin Meglumine in the Boar

Wallgren

Kindahl

Rodriguez‐Martinez

1995

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…The dose was chosen so as to influence testicular function without affecting the boars too severely (Wallgren, 1989). The monitored clinical signs and the appearance of fever, as well as the initial rise in levels of 1 5-ketodihydro-PGF2, after endotoxin injection, compared well with previous findings in the pig (Elmore et at., 1978;Wrathall et at., 1978;Kurtz & Quast, 1982;Cort, 1986;Cort et al, 1986;Wallgren, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Alterations in testicular function after endotoxin injection in the boar

1993

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Twelve mature boars were injected intravenously with endotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium. Blood plasma was analysed for 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha, LH and testosterone. The boars were castrated at various times after endotoxin administration and the testes examined by light and electron microscopy. The levels of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha and LH rose immediately after endotoxin injection followed by an increase in testosterone levels, and in five boars a second increase in LH levels was observed. Morphological examination of the testes revealed infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the testicular interstitium. The Leydig and myoid cells showed morphological changes. Alterations were also present in the seminiferous epithelium among Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids. The results indicate that endotoxins can exert a negative effect on testicular function in the boar. Except for the initial increase in LH levels, which is not clearly understood, the hormonal changes are thought to be mediated by alterations in Leydig cell function. The alterations further support previous findings in the boar, and indicate that there is short-term, moderate damage to the seminiferous epithelium following endotoxin injection.

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“…A rise in body temperature after endotoxin injections is well known ( VAN MIERT and FRENS, 1968;NACHREINER et al, 1972;ELMORE et al, 1978;FREDRIKSSON, 1984). In sheep a monophasic fever is seen after small doses of endotoxin and a biphasic fever is the result of moderate to large doses of endotoxin ( VAN MIERT and FRENS, 1968;SKARNES et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical, Endocrinological and Spermatological Studies after Endotoxin in the Ram

Wallgren

Kindahl

Larsson

1989

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary Eight rams were injected intravenously with endotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium. Blood plasma was analysed for the contents of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α, LH, testosterone, calcium and total amount of white blood cells. Semen was examined for motility, concentration, volume and morphological appearance. After castration at 4 or 16 weeks the testes were examined histologically. The total white blood cells and the calcium levels as well as LH and testosterone decreased and the levels of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α rose after the endotoxin administration. The examination of the semen showed a significant decrease in motility and a significant increase in abnormal sperm heads. The histological examination showed a slight degeneration in the seminiferous epithelium in the rams castrated at 4 weeks after the endotoxin administration; this degeneration was not seen in the rams castrated at 16 weeks. The present results indicate that endotoxin seems to exert a negative effect on the genital functions of the ram; the changes in LH and testosterone are very similar to those seen after heat induced stress. The histological changes indicate a short‐lasting mild degeneration in the seminiferous epithelium. Zusammenfassung Klinische, endokrinologische und spermatologische Untersuchungen nach Endotoxin‐Applikation beim Schafbock Acht Schafböcken wurde Salmonella typhimurium‐Endotoxin intravenös injiziert. Im Blutplasma wurden daraufhin die Konzentrationen von 15‐Ketodihydro‐PGF2α, LH, Testosteron, Calcium sowie die Gesamtzahl der Leukozyten bestimmt. Der Samen wurde bezüglich Spermienmotilität, Spermienkonzentration, Volumen und morphologischer Charakteristika überprüft. Nach der 4 bzw. 16 Wochen später erfolgenden Kastration wurden die Hoden histologisch untersucht. Die Gesamtzahl der Leukozyten im Blut sowie der Calcium‐, LH‐ und Testosteronspiegel des Plasmas nahmen nach der Endotoxin‐Injektion ab, während die Plasmakonzentration von 15‐Ketodihydro‐PGF2α anstieg. Die Prüfung des Samens ergab eine signifikante Abnahme der Spermienmotilität und eine signifikante Zunahme abnormaler Spermienköpfe. Die histologische Untersuchung erbrachte 4 Wochen nach der Endotoxin‐Applikation eine leichte Degeneration des Epithels der Tubuli seminiferi; 16 Wochen nach der Endotoxin‐Injektion war dies hingegen nicht mehr der Fall. Nach den vorliegenden Ergebnissen scheint das Endotoxin einen negativen Effekt auf die Genitalfunktion des Schafhodens auszuüben. Die Veränderungen in der Plasma‐LH‐ bzw. Testosteron‐Konzentration entsprechen den Verhältnissen beim Hitze‐Streß. Die histologischen Veränderungen weisen auf eine kurzdauernde leichte Degeneration des Epithels der Tubuli seminiferi hin.

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Absorption of endotoxin from the mammary glands and uteri of early postpartum sows and gilts

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Modulation of Endotoxin‐induced Andrological Alterations by Flunixin Meglumine in the Boar

Modulation of Endotoxin‐induced Andrological Alterations by Flunixin Meglumine in the Boar

Alterations in testicular function after endotoxin injection in the boar

Clinical, Endocrinological and Spermatological Studies after Endotoxin in the Ram

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