Absorption of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Iron and Zinc in Growing Male Rats Fed Diets Containing either Phytate-free Soybean Protein or Soybean Protein Isolate or Casein.

Kamao, Maya; Tsugawa, Naoko; Nakagawa, Kimie; Kawamoto, Yuko; Fukui, Kensuke; Takamatsu, Kiyoharu; Kuwata, Goro; Imai, Masatake; Okano, Toshio

doi:10.3177/jnsv.46.34

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This may be in part due to the presence of several anti-nutritional factors in soy protein, including oligosaccharides and phytate [Clapper et al, 2001;Yamka et al, 2003Yamka et al, , 2005. In particular, the presence of phytate in soy has been demonstrated to decrease the availability of several minerals, especially in monogastric species [Kamao et al, 2000;Hurrell, 2003]. With a possible effect of phytate on mineral retention, however, it is unusual that there is no effect of diet on Zn digestibility [Lonnerdal et al, 1999;Norii and Suzuki, 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Transit time and digestibility of two experimental diets in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus)

Childs-Sanford

Angel

2006

Zoo Biology

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Recent research involving nutritional management of clinical disease secondary to cystinuria in captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in the United States resulted in the production of a commercially manufactured maintenance diet and subsequently, a further modified experimental diet. These two diets differed only in their protein sources and sodium concentrations. The purpose of this study was to further investigate these diets by determining their digestibility and transit time in maned wolves, and also to compare these results to the digestibility and transit time of the diets in domestic dogs. The experiment consisted of two diets (maned wolf commercial maintenance diet and experimental diet) and two species (maned wolf and domestic dog [beagle]) arranged as a 2 Â 2 factorial design. For the transit time study, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 , 5 g/kg diet) was administered as a pulse dose and total collection of feces was carried out for 50 hr. There was no effect of diet or species on initial Ti recovery time (IRT), the amount of Ti recovered at IRT, or the time to reach 50% of Ti excretion in the feces. Maned wolves had lower total percent recovery (Po0.01) of Ti than dogs and shorter time to last recovery of Ti in the feces (Po0.05), however, marker excretion in the maned wolves may not have been complete. For the digestibility study, in which chromic oxide was used as a marker, fecal samples were collected on 2 consecutive days immediately after 12 days of being fed the diets and then analyzed for dry matter, energy, protein, and minerals. Crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc apparent digestibilities were unaffected by species or diet (P40.05). Apparent digestibility of dry matter (Po0.05) and energy (Po0.01) were higher in the experimental diet and in the dogs. Both dogs and maned wolves fed the maintenance diet exhibited a greater apparent retention of copper, iron, and magnesium (Po0.01). Dogs had a higher apparent retention of magnesium and sodium than the maned wolves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Transit time and digestibility of two experimental diets in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus)

Childs-Sanford

Angel

2006

Zoo Biology

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“…From a safety perspective, a number of repeated-dose studies have been conducted in rodents; no adverse effects were observed in a rat model with orally administered PA in the diet or drinking water at a concentration of approximately 1.0 to 2.5% for up to 12 weeks (17,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61). In addition, exposing the skin to PA may have more advantages than disadvantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytic Acid and Sodium Chloride Show Marked Synergistic Bactericidal Effects against Nonadapted and Acid-Adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains

Kim

Rhee

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The synergistic antimicrobial effects of phytic acid (PA), a natural extract from rice bran, plus sodium chloride against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were examined. Exposure to NaCl alone at concentrations up to 36% (wt/wt) for 5 min did not reduce bacterial populations. The bactericidal effects of PA alone were much greater than those of other organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic, and malic acids) under the same experimental conditions (P < 0.05). Combining PA and NaCl under conditions that yielded negligible effects when each was used alone led to marked synergistic effects. For example, whereas 0.4% PA or 3 or 4% NaCl alone had little or no effect on cell viability, combining the two completely inactivated both nonadapted and acid-adapted cells, reducing their numbers to unrecoverable levels (>7-log CFU/ml reduction). Flow cytometry confirmed that PA disrupted the cell membrane to a greater extent than did other organic acids, although the cells remained viable. The combination of PA and NaCl induced complete disintegration of the cell membrane. By comparison, none of the other organic acids acted synergistically with NaCl, and neither did NaCl-HCl solutions at the same pH values as the test solutions of PA plus NaCl. These results suggest that PA has great potential as an effective bacterial membrane-permeabilizing agent, and we show that the combination is a promising alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. These findings provide new insight into the utility of natural compounds as novel antimicrobial agents and increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of PA. Food safety has become an increasingly important aspect of public health. According to the World Health Organization, foodborne and waterborne diarrheal diseases kill an estimated 2 million people per year, many of whom are children (1). Although various chemicals are used to control the transmission of foodborne illnesses via the food and livestock industries (2, 3), several studies have suggested that synthetic sanitizers can have significant side effects (e.g., bleaching, formation of toxic compounds, and off odors) (4, 5). Because modern consumers tend to prefer the use of "natural" agents rather than "synthetic" ones (6), new antimicrobial agents are required; therefore, studies of natural compounds with antimicrobial actions are warranted.Organic acids are a class of such natural antimicrobial agents. Several organic acids (particularly acetic, citric, and lactic acids) have long been used as preservatives or surface sanitizers for beef hides (7), carcasses (8), dairy products (9, 10), fresh-cut vegetables (11), and meat products (12). However, organic acids alone are not powerful enough to inactivate pathogenic bacteria after only a short exposure time (5, 13). Even if this problem could be overcome, applying adequate amounts of organic acids is impractical, because they generate strong acidic odors at working concentrations (5, 13). Thus, it is of vital importance to identify new alternatives ...

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“…Calcium uptake in the proximal bowel is a relatively inefficient process, with only about 30% of calcium in the diet being absorbed at the brush border 43,44 . In normal healthy individuals, calcium absorption is proportional to the “available” Ca ++ in the gut lumen and free binding sites on membrane receptor proteins 4,45 , 46 . It is reported to decline with advancing age and in relation to nutritionally induced cessation in body growth, 32,47 and can be influenced particularly by vitamin D, phosphates, and agents such as EDTA, phytates, and histidine in the diet, which are known to chelate Ca ++ .…”

Section: Calcium Uptake and Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin

Lansdown

2002

Wound Repair Regeneration

313

201

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Calcium has an established role in the normal homeostasis of mammalian skin and serves as a modulator in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Gradients of calcium concentration increasing from 0.5 mM in the basal layer to > 1.4 mM in the stratum granulosum are consistent with migration patterns in response to minor abrasion (normal wear). Dermal fibroblasts require calcium but are approximately 100 times less sensitive than keratinocytes. Normal calcium metabolism in the skin is dependent on cell membrane and cytosolic calcium binding proteins (calmodulin, cadherins, etc.), but their modulation through parathyroid hormone, vitamin D or growth factors in normal or damaged tissue is not well documented. In wound repair, calcium is predominantly involved as Factor IV in the hemostatic phase, but it is expected to be required in epidermal cell migration and regeneration patterns in later stages of healing. Calcium alginate dressings are designed to liberate calcium early in the acute phase to promote hemostasis, but it is presently unclear whether the supplementary calcium influences the intracellular environment at later stages of wound repair, notably during the remodeling phase. Although experimental studies suggest that control of calcium is obligatory in wound management, we know very little as to how calcium in the wound bed is modulated through hormones, vitamin D, or various growth factors. Also, there is limited information as to how calcium released either from dressings, platelets, or from the circulation through the action of parathyroid hormone, growth factors or other modulators influences cell migration and remodeling in skin wounds, although experimental models suggest that management of calcium is essential in wound management.

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Absorption of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Iron and Zinc in Growing Male Rats Fed Diets Containing either Phytate-free Soybean Protein or Soybean Protein Isolate or Casein.

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Transit time and digestibility of two experimental diets in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus)

Transit time and digestibility of two experimental diets in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus)

Phytic Acid and Sodium Chloride Show Marked Synergistic Bactericidal Effects against Nonadapted and Acid-Adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains

Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin

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