Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion of Droperidol by Human Subjects Folloiwing Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration

Cressman, William A.; Plostnieks, Janis; Johnson, P. C.

doi:10.1097/00000542-197304000-00010

Cited by 70 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The exact reason for difference in effectiveness between 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg of droperidol is not known, but may be related to the short elimination half-life of this agent (2.2 hr in healthy volunteers). 12 In this study, the prolongation in awakening time and the reported drowsiness/sedation as an adverse event were observed in patients who had received droperidol 2.5 mg, and there were no differences in awakening time and frequencies of side-effects among the remaining three groups. Although the delayed awakening time (approximately 3 rain) al~er administering droperidol 2.5 mg is less clinically important, side-effects which include drowsiness/ sedation observed in these patients are undesirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with granisetron: a randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol

1995

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The effects of granisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting were investigated in a randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol and placebo in 100 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for major gynaecological surgery. The patients received a single dose of either granisetron (40 ~g" kg -t, n = 25), droperidol (1.25 mg, n = 25; 2.5 mg n = 25) or placebo (saline, n = 25) Postoperative nausea and vomiting are two of the most common complications after general anaesthesia for major gynaecological surgery. J Antiemeties, such as hydroxyzine, droperidol and metoclopramide, are used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, but their effectiveness varies. 2-5 Granisetron (Kytril| is a selective CAN J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with granisetron: a randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol

1995

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“…The relatively large number of episodes of vomiting in the 0.04 group was primarily due to subject no. 21 group (Figure 1). Even with these data included, all treatment groups showed a lower total number of episodes of vomiting as compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05 for bolus group, P < 0.04 for 0.02 group, P < 0.03 for 0.04 group).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting with the combination of morphine and dropéridol in patient-controlled analgesia

et al. 1996

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“…The delay of 1 h in each session between drug administrations was introduced to allow the antagonist action of droperidol to take full effect. The clinical duration of action of droperidol is 2-4 h and it has a plasma elimination half life of 134_+ 13 min (Cressman et al 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of monoamine pathways in the control of attention: Effects of droperidol and methylphenidate in normal adult humans

Clark

Geffen

1986

Psychopharmacology

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Methylphenidate (0.65 mg/kg), droperidol (15 gg/ kg) or placebo were administered to normal adult males undertaking a dichotic auditory attention task. Performance following placebo, as measured by the ability of subjects to detect nominated target words and discriminate them from phonemically distracting words, was superior when attention was focused on one ear than when divided between the ears. Following droperidol, target detection and discrimination were reduced for both divided and focused attention and in the latter case responses were also slowed. However, these effects were small compared to the striking withdrawn behaviour of the subjects, who reported an unwillingness to attend to external events. Methylphenidate reversed all of these effects when administered following droperidol. Administered alone, methylphenidate had no effect on dichotic measures of attention but had marked effects on spontaneous behaviour, when most subjects reported a substantial increase in both the field and distractibility of attention. These results are interpreted as implicating central dopaminergic pathways in the regulation of attention without precluding a role for other neurotransmitter systems including ascending noradrenaline and serotonin pathways to cerebral cortex. The disparity between these objective and subjective assessments of the effects of the drugs on attention is discussed in terms of the degree of mental effort voluntarily brought to bear by subjects in the selective allocation of their attentional capacity.The anatomy of the ascending monoamine pathways from the brainstem that innervate the cerebral cortex has been intensively studied in recent years. Regional variations in density of the cortical monoamine projections and in their topographic domains, as well as the intricate and orderly laminar distribution of their terminals, often with reciprocal variations in the predominance of particular monoamines, are characteristics that are particularly striking in primate cortex (Morrison et al. 1982a, b;Levitt et al. 1984). This orderliness, in contrast to previous characterisation of the monoamine innervation of the cortex as diffuse and nonspecific, suggests that these afferents have precise roles in Offprint requests to: C.R. Clark the regulation of cortical activity. However, little is known about the functions of the monoamine innervation of the normal human cerebral cortex despite the central role attributed to monoamines by the current theories of the biochemical disturbances in schizophrenia, mania and depression.One important function of the monoamine innervation of the cortex may be the control of attention. The vast majority of central monoaminergic neuron cell bodies are located in the reticular formation of the brain stem (Ramon- Molinar et al. 1966;Nauta et al. 1969). Of particular interest are the dopamine neurons of the midbrain's ventral tegmentum and the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus in the upper pons. Lesion and pharmacological studies in animals implicate both noradrenaline...

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Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion of Droperidol by Human Subjects Folloiwing Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with granisetron: a randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with granisetron: a randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol

Reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting with the combination of morphine and dropéridol in patient-controlled analgesia

Role of monoamine pathways in the control of attention: Effects of droperidol and methylphenidate in normal adult humans

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