Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Penicillin and Dihydrostreptomycin in Dairy Cows Following Intramammary Infusion

Rollins, Larry D.; Mercer, H. Dwight; Carter, G.G.; Kramer, Joseph M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(70)86408-6

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For ethical and practical reasons, the local availability of active compounds in vivo is usually only assessed by sampling milk and blood [1,10,11]. Since the concentrations in the different areas of the glandular tissue cannot be estimated using these methods, the purpose of the study was to examine the distribution of cloxacillin was examined in vitro after intramammary administration using the isolated perfused bovine udder as previously described [8,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue distribution of cloxacillin after intramammary administration in the isolated perfused bovine udder

2010

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BackgroundVarious intramammary suspensions containing cloxacillin benzathine are registered for use in cattle as antibiotics for intramammary use at drying off. To ensure antibacterial efficacy, the glandular tissue concentration of an antimicrobial agent must be sufficient. Since the possibilities to measure concentrations in the different areas of the glandular tissue in vivo are very limited, it was the aim of the present study to examine the distribution of cloxacillin in vitro using the isolated perfused bovine udder.MethodsMammary glands taken at slaughter from healthy lactating cows were perfused in vitro with warmed and gassed Tyrode solution. 600 mg cloxacillin benzathine were administered as Orbenin Extra Dry Cow by the intramammary route to six front and rear quarters each. Samples of glandular tissue - at different distances from and vertical to the teat right up to the udder base - were gathered from the treated quarters after 6 h. Perfusate was also sampled before and hourly after treatment for 6 h. The cloxacillin content of the tissue samples and perfusate samples was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe concentration of cloxacillin in the glandular tissue of front quarters measured 6 h after administration tended to decrease with increasing vertical distance from the teat. The decrease pattern of the concentration was not quite clear in rear quarters. A considerable variation in the tissue concentrations of cloxacillin was obvious, which reflects in vivo conditions. The concentrations measured in the perfusate samples were below the limit of quantification at all time points, indicating limited absorption of the antibiotic from the glandular tissue.ConclusionAfter intramammary administration of the dry off product containing cloxacillin benzathine concentrations of more than 0.5 μg/g (MIC) were reached in all regions of the front and rear quarters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue distribution of cloxacillin after intramammary administration in the isolated perfused bovine udder

2010

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“…The present studies concern aminoglycoside antibiotics administered by the intramammary route. Several authors have conducted residue elimination studies with these antibiotics, which are often given in combination with penicillin (3,5,7,12,15), but their -results cannot be directly applied to the preparations currently marketed in France. The number of preparations intended for the intramammary treatment of mastitis in lactating cows has been lowered to 45 on the French market.…”

Section: Introducmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in milk following intramammary administration

Moretain

Boisseau²

1993

Veterinary Quarterly

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The elimination in cow milk of aminoglycoside antibiotic residues (neomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin) was studied after intramammary administration of eight drug formulations marketed in France. Quantitative residue analysis was performed by a cylinder plate method. The sensitivity was 0.15 microgram/ml for neomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin and 0.025 microgram/ml for gentamicin. The mean elimination periods ranged between 4 and 13 milkings. Several ways of assessing withdrawal times are discussed.

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“…Data from the disk method are considered more significant since they were generated with a more standardized procedure than the plate count method. The proportion of LF isolates that were resistant to any of the 12 18% of LF isolates from animals in the 2-jig group were resistant at pretreatment, compared to 62% during and after treatment. The proportion of resistant isolates from dogs in the 10-jig group increased from 7% at pretreatment to 83% during treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low Concentrations of Dihydrostreptomycin on Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria

Gaines¹,

Rollins²,

Silver³

et al. 1978

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Beagle dogs were fed a diet containing 0, 2, or 10 μg of dihydrostreptomycin (DSM) per g of feed. The 2-μg/g level was selected to represent a residue level of the antibiotic. In both treatment groups, medicated feed resulted in a shift from a predominantly streptomycin (SM)-susceptible coliform fecal population to an SM-resistant population. The proportion of resistant organisms was significant ( P < 0.01) for both treatment groups. A definitive response did not occur with animals maintained on DSM-free diets. An increase in the prevalence of DSM-resistant organisms was observed after 15 days of DSM-supplemented feeding and persisted during the posttreatment phase of the study. The predominant pattern of resistance was SM-sulfamethoxypyridazine. Fifty-nine percent of SM-resistant strains transferred resistant determinants by conjugation to Escherichia coli K-12 recipients.

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Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Penicillin and Dihydrostreptomycin in Dairy Cows Following Intramammary Infusion

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Tissue distribution of cloxacillin after intramammary administration in the isolated perfused bovine udder

Tissue distribution of cloxacillin after intramammary administration in the isolated perfused bovine udder

Elimination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in milk following intramammary administration

Effect of Low Concentrations of Dihydrostreptomycin on Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria

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