2002
DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00871-7
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Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4β-8)-epicatechin] in rats

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Cited by 211 publications
(158 citation statements)
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“…The limitation in the diffusion across the epithelial cells could explain the nanomolar levels quantified in the postprandial rat plasma after the intake, at micromolar levels, of the oligomeric PC. The pharmacokinetic results shown in the present study agree with previous research that has shown the presence of some dimers (B2 and B5), detected at nanomolar levels, in the plasma of rats given cocoa extracts (35,36) . By contrast, in other studies, the dimer (B3) and trimer (C2) were not detected in the plasma of rats given purified compounds (37) .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The limitation in the diffusion across the epithelial cells could explain the nanomolar levels quantified in the postprandial rat plasma after the intake, at micromolar levels, of the oligomeric PC. The pharmacokinetic results shown in the present study agree with previous research that has shown the presence of some dimers (B2 and B5), detected at nanomolar levels, in the plasma of rats given cocoa extracts (35,36) . By contrast, in other studies, the dimer (B3) and trimer (C2) were not detected in the plasma of rats given purified compounds (37) .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…16) But ourˆnding that procyanidin B1 is detected in human serum after oral intake of the GSE, is theˆrst work showing that there is every chance of demonstrating the absorption of PA into the human body. We are trying to analyze other procyanidins further.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have shown the pharmacokinetics of the monomeric flavan-3-ols (Ϫ)-epicatechin and (ϩ)-catechin in vivo in rats (Hackett and Griffiths, 1982;Gott and Griffiths, 1987;Baba et al, 2001bBaba et al, , 2002Catterall et al, 2003), but very little is known about the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of procyanidin dimers and/or other related higher molecular weight oligomers, which are consumed at high levels by most of the population. The physiological and biological activities of such abundant compounds will depend on their absorption and metabolism after ingestion.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Later studies in animals, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry analyses, reported the presence, after enzymatic hydrolysis, of unconjugated procyanidin dimers, including B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5, in various tissues including plasma and urine after feeding large doses of proanthocyanidin extracts or proanthocyanidin-rich seeds (Baba et al, 2002;Tsang et al, 2005;Shoji et al, 2006). Likewise, human studies have detected unconjugated procyanidin B1, B2, and B5 in plasma and serum within 30 min of consumption of the test material (Holt et al, 2002;Sano et al, 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%