Absorption and swelling characteristics of silver (I) antimicrobial wound dressings

Abstract

An important characteristic of moist wound dressings is their ability to swell and absorb exudates from the wound, while maintaining a moist atmosphere at the wound site. At the SRRC, we have previously developed antimicrobial silversodium-carboxymethylated (CM)-cotton printcloth from the sodium salt of CM-cotton, and silver-Ca-Na alginates from four commercially available alginate moist wound dressings. As part of ongoing research on silver antimicrobials, this report delineates the swellabilty of these silver antimicrobial dressings compared to commercially available calcium-sodium alginate dressings and printcloth (controls) in water and in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline) after 8 hours and after one week of immersion. Additionally, the swelling characteristics are correlated with the absorption of saline g/g of the dressing. Silver treated Sorbsan, Kaltostat, Curasorb, Algisite, and cotton-CM-printcloth showed a very significant increase in diameter of the fibers: NaCl 8 hr > water 8 hr > dry, albeit slightly less than the control alginate dressings. The majority of the swelling took place in the first eight hours of wetting, and continued wetting for one week caused little additional uptake of the solution. Fibers swell only in diameter and not in length. All the fibers had greater swelling in saline as compared with those in water. The proven swellabilty of these silver dressings, taken together with the known absorptive and antimicrobial properties of the dressings should make them suitable for treatment of exudative wounds that are at risk for infection. As more is learned about these dressings, clinical trials may be warranted to evaluate their efficacy.

Development and Evaluation of Alginate Membranes with Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Potential Wound-Healing Applications

“…Moreover, the level of exudate from a wound (for example, an ulcer) can vary from absent (dry ulcer) to minimally exuding (<5 mL fluid per 24 h), to moderately exuding (5 to 10 mL fluid per 24 h), and finally to highly exuding (>10 mL fluid per 24 h) [32]. In this regard, the measurement of the swelling capacity of a wound dressing developed with alginate could be classified as dressings of low absorbance (alginate wound dressing that absorbs less than 6 g of liquid per g of dressing, or less than 12 g/100 cm 2 ), and dressings of high absorbency (an alginate wound dressing that absorbs 6 g or more liquid per g of dressing, or 12 g or more/100 cm 2 ) [33]. With this consideration, CNp‒M4 possesses a value of 17.48 g/100 cm 2 , corresponding to high absorbency and similar to several commercial products.…”

Preparation of silver nanoparticle immobilized fibrillar silicate by poly(dopamine) surface functionalization

“…It indicates that the antimicrobial activity of a surface can be easily increased by performing deposition of silver nanoparticles on PDA‐coated surface and cannot be achieved by purely modified PDA layer. Parikh produced Ag‐filled wound dressings and they evaluated the antimicrobial activity of wound dressings against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia . As a consequence, FS‐PDA/Ag has the potential application as antimicrobial materials.…”

Nonwoven Cellulose Substrates for Modern Wound Dressings

“…The solgel system without silver may also contribute to a lesser extent to the antimicrobial activity, as some studies represent the silanols as a novel class of antimicrobial agents [50]. Considering the present and other studies [2,6,11,13,29,42,51], and because of silver's great efficiency, finding better methods for binding of silver, while simultaneously ensuring suitable hydrophilicity, is a more favorable approach than completely denouncing silver due to its possible cytotoxicity. The use of super hydrophilic materials in combination with silver binding techniques adopting the solgel process has made it possible.…”

“…The cytotoxicity of silver is a relatively new approach that has recently paved the way for alternative methods of producing antimicrobial effect, i.e., by amino acid-based antimicrobial agents [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] or finding ways to safely attach silver in wound care products [2,13,41]. Regarding the latter, it is very necessary to ensure that after long-term use of the product, the silver release is prevented to an extent, as otherwise it can cause cytotoxic effect.…”