Absorption and metabolism of anthocyanin
cyanidin-3-glucoside in the isolated rat
small intestine is not influenced by ethanol

Andlauer, Wilfried; Stumpf, Claudia; Frank, Konstanze; Fürst, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00394-003-0417-3

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our results showed that ethanol improved anthocyanins absorption sustaining the theory that ethanol facilitates flavonoid absorption [34]. Still, the information regarding this issue is controversy since there are some reports referring to anthocyanins that claim no influence of ethanol on their absorption [32,35]. However, according to these authors, ethanol may modify the time course of malvidin-3-glucoside, enhancing the early absorption of this compound [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells – Putative involvement of GLUT2

Faria

Pestana

Azevedo

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

150

105

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Anthocyanins bioavailability is a major issue regarding their biological effects and remains unclear due to few data available on this matter. This work aimed to evaluate the absorption of anthocyanins at the intestine using Caco-2 cells. Anthocyanin extract, rich in malvidin-3-glucoside, was obtained from red grape skins and tested on Caco-2 cells. The absorption of anthocyanins, in absence or presence of 1% ethanol, was detected by HPLC/DAD/LC-MS. Our results showed that this transport was significantly increased in the presence of ethanol especially after 60 min of incubation. In addition, cells that were pretreated for 96 h with anthocyanins (200 microg/mL) showed an increase of their own transport (about 50% increase). Expression of glucose transporters sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1, facilitative glucose transporters 5, and facilitative glucose transporters 2 was assessed by RT-PCR. It was found that facilitative glucose transporters 2 expression was increased (60%) in Caco-2 cells pretreated with anthocyanins, by comparison with controls. When the effect of anthocyanin extract on (3)H-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was tested, an inhibitory effect was observed (about 60% decrease). However, the malvidin aglycone was tested and had no effect. In conclusion, anthocyanins could be absorbed through Caco-2 cells, and can interfere with their own transport and also with glucose intestinal uptake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells – Putative involvement of GLUT2

Faria

Pestana

Azevedo

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

150

105

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“…This difference could be due to a low glucuronidation rate of flavanols with a galloyl moiety (like EGCG and ECG) by intestinal and hepatic glucuronosyltransferases [127]. The other exception is anthocyanins which can be absorbed in intact form and appear mainly as glycosides in blood [80,[128][129][130][131][132][133][134]. More recent studies identified also glucurono-and sulfoconjugates in urine after ingestion of anthocyanins [134][135][136].…”

Section: Intestinal Metabolism Of Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Potential of Flavonoids to Influence Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics by Local Gastrointestinal Mechanisms

Cermak¹,

Wolffram²

2006

CDM

111

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In recent years, public and scientific interest in plant flavonoids has tremendously increased due to postulated health benefits. Whereas the amount of flavonoids ingested with the regular diet is rather low, the use of supplements enriched with these polyphenolics is becoming increasingly popular. This raises concerns about possible interactions of flavonoids with therapeutic drugs, because both are xenobiotics and, thus, share at least partially the same metabolic pathways. A number of in vitro studies have shown effects of flavonoids on enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, like cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and phase II conjugation enzymes, or on membrane transporters involved in drug excretion. Several investigations have also reported changes of drug bioavailability by certain flavonoids. This article attempts to present an overview of flavonoid effects on pathways involved in drug metabolism. It focuses on phase I and phase II enzymes as well as on transporters involved in drug metabolism which are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract.

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“…Absorbed cyanidin-3-glucoside in rats is either conjugated or unconjugated and, as with catechin, ethanol does not appear to increase the absorption of cyanidin-3-glucoside from the small intestine (80). In fact, anthocyanins from grape juices are better absorbed than anthocyanins in wine, as examined in humans.…”

Section: Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolites Are Key to Understanding Health Effects of Wine Polyphenolics

Forester

Waterhouse

2009

The Journal of Nutrition

108

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Phenolic compounds in grapes and wine are grouped within the following major classes: stilbenes, phenolic acids, ellagitannins, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. Consumption of foods containing phenolic substances has been linked to beneficial effects toward chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease and colorectal cancer. However, such correlations need to be supported by in vivo testing and bioavailability studies are the first step in establishing cause and effect. Class members from all phenolic groups can be glucuronidated, sulfated, and/or methylated and detected at low concentrations in the bloodstream and in urine. But the majority of phenolic compounds from grapes and wine are metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract, where they are broken down by gut microflora. This typically involves deglycosylation, followed by breakdown of ring structures to produce phenolic acids and aldehydes. These metabolites can be detected in bloodstream, urine, and fecal samples by using sophisticated instrumentation methods for quantitation and identification at low concentrations. The health effects related to grape and wine consumption may well be due to these poorly understood phenolic acid metabolites. This review discusses the known metabolism of each major class of wine and grape phenolics, the means to measure them, and ideas for future investigations.

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Absorption and metabolism of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside in the isolated rat small intestine is not influenced by ethanol

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells – Putative involvement of GLUT2

Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells – Putative involvement of GLUT2

The Potential of Flavonoids to Influence Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics by Local Gastrointestinal Mechanisms

Metabolites Are Key to Understanding Health Effects of Wine Polyphenolics

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