Absorption and Excretion of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Man

Kohli, Jai D.; Khanna, R. N.; Gupta, B. N.; Dhar, Mridul; Tandon, J. S.; Sircar, K. P.

doi:10.3109/00498257409049349

Cited by 99 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Following an oral, dermal or inhalation exposure to 2,4-D ( dimethylamine salt ), close to 100% of the absorbed dose is excreted in the urine as 2,4-D acid over a 5 -to 6 -day period (Feldman and Maibach, 1974;Kohli et al, 1974;Sauerhoff et al, 1977;Harris and Solomon, 1992b). Following repeated exposures, a steady state for 2,4-D body burden would be reached following approximately four half -lives or 4-5 days of consecutive exposure, if the exposure to 2,4-D, on a daily basis, remains relatively constant.…”

Section: Dose Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Harris

Sass-Kortsāk

Corey

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiologic studies designed to assess the chronic effects of pesticides are limited by inadequate measurements of exposures. Although cohort studies have been initiated to evaluate the effects of 2,4 -dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4 -D ) and other pesticides in professional turf applicators, they may have limited power to detect significant health risks and may be subject to bias from exposure measurement error. In this study, the doses of 2,4 -D, mecoprop [ 2 -( 4 -chloro -2 methylphenoxy ) propionic acid, MCPP ] and dicamba ( 3,6 -dichloro -o -anisic acid ) were evaluated in a group of 98 professional turf applicators from 20 companies across southwestern Ontario. During a 1 -week period ( Saturday to Thursday ), the volume of pesticide ( active ingredient ) applied was only weakly related to the total dose of 2,4 -D absorbed ( R 2 = 0.21 ). Two additional factors explained a large proportion of variation in dose: the type of spray nozzle used and the use of gloves while spraying. Individuals who used a fan -type nozzle had significantly higher doses than those who used a gun -type nozzle. Glove use was associated with significantly lower doses. Job satisfaction and current smoking influenced the dose but were not highly predictive. In the final multiple regression models predicting total absorbed dose of 2,4 -D and mecoprop, approximately 63 -68% of the variation was explained. The future application of these models for epidemiologic research will depend on the availability of information and records from employers, the feasibility of contacting study subjects and cost.

show abstract

Section: Dose Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Harris

Sass-Kortsāk

Corey

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The estimation must be made from the amount of MCPA in all urine passed within the first 48 h of exposure. Previous studies have shown that about 75 % of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (9) and about 90 % of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (7) can be found in the urine of humans after oral intake. Our recovery of MCPA was less.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human urinary excretion of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chloropheno xyacetic acid.

Fjeldstad¹,

Wannag²

1977

Scand J Work Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

urinary excretion of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Scand. j. work environ. & health 3 (1977) 100-103. To see if urd.nary 2-methyl-4-chJomphenoxyacettc acid (MCPA) ,excret,ton could be used to estimate MCPA exposure, four healthy males ingested 5 mg MCPA. The MCPA in the urine was extracted and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. About 50 % of the ingested dose was detected 1n the urine within 48 h.On .the fifith dayafiter inta~e the MCPA concentration a' ll the 'llmIlJe was below the level of detection, 0.2 pg/ml. The MCPA did not~ncrease those serum enzymes indicating liver cell damage (S-alan.i.ne~aminotra'IlJSjjerase, S-

show abstract

“…In the past, treatment has been essentially supportive. Little is known of the disposition of these herbicides in man but since they are moderately strong organic acids, and 2,4-D is excreted in the urine largely unchanged (Kohli, Khanna, Gupta, Dhar, Tandon & Sircar, 1974), forced alkaline diuresis would seem a logical form oftreatment. Within a few hours of starting the diuresis the pulse rate, respiration rate and temperature began to fall ( Figure 1) and 18 h later he was responding readily to painful stimuli, deep tendon reflexes were brisk and marked myotonia was present.…”

Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of severe 2,4‐D and mecoprop intoxication with alkaline diuresis.

Prescott¹,

Park²,

Darrien³

1979

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 Self‐poisoning with a selective weedkiller containing 2,4‐D and mecoprop in a 39 year old man resulted in prolonged deep coma, pyrexia, hyperventilation, hypoxaemia, myotonia, skeletal muscle damage and electrocardiographic changes consistent with cardiomyopathy. 2 The admission plasma concentrations of 2,4‐D and mecoprop were 400 and 751 microgram/ml respectively. The patient remained gravely ill with no signs of improvement for 2 days with supportive therapy and there was no fall in the 2,4‐D level. 3 Alkaline diuresis greatly increased the renal clearance of 2,4‐D, and there was a rapid fall in plasma concentration (T1/2 3.7 h) with corresponding clinical improvement. The effect on the elimination of mecoprop was similar, but less dramatic. 4 Forced alkaline diuresis may improve the otherwise very poor prognosis in severe intoxication with 2,4‐D and related weedkillers.

show abstract

Absorption and Excretion of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Man

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators

Human urinary excretion of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chloropheno xyacetic acid.

Treatment of severe 2,4‐D and mecoprop intoxication with alkaline diuresis.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About