Absorbed Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ Ions in Water by Cross-Linked Starch Xanthate

Abstract

A cross-linked starch xanthate was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylamide and sodium acrylate onto starch xanthate using potassium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite initiating system and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker. As this kind of cross-linked potato starch xanthate can effectively absorb heavy metal ions, it was dispersed in aqueous solutions of divalent heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Cd2+) to investigate their absorbency by the polymer. Factors that can influence absorbency were investigated, such as the ratio of matrix to monomers, the amount of initiator and cross-linker, pH, and the concentration of metal ions. Results were reached and conclusion was drawn that the best synthetic conditions for the polymer adsorbing Pb2+ and Cd2+ were as follows: the quality ratio of matrix to monomers was 1 : 12 and 1 : 11, the amount of initiator was 2.4% and 3.2% of matrix, and the amount of cross-linker was 12 mg and 13 mg. When the initial concentration of ions was 10 mg/L, the highest quantities of adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 47.11 mg/g and 36.55 mg/g. Adsorption mechanism was discussed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) test, and adsorption kinetic simulation.

A Study on Copolymer Systems of Styrene with Diethanolamine Side Group and Methyl Methacrylate

“…Also, values in the table and the fixed amounts of dye adsorption are showed [17]. This is an indication of experimental and theoretically pseudo-second-order compliance [17,18].…”

“…These results showed that the adsorption was followed for Journal of Chemistry 7 the pseudo-second-order kinetics models [12,16]. Also, values in the table and the fixed amounts of dye adsorption are showed [17]. This is an indication of experimental and theoretically pseudo-second-order compliance [17,18].…”

Radioactive Cobalt(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using a Reusable Nanocomposite: Kinetic, Isotherms, and Mechanistic Study

“…Similarly, desorption experiments were repeated three times, and reproducibility was within ±3%. The desorption capacity of the Co(II)-loaded LMT nanocomposite was calculated according to the following equation [ 31 , 32 ]: where q t ,2 (mg/g) is the desorption amount at time t (min); C t ,2 (mol/L) is the concentration of Co(II) in HNO 3 solution at time t (min); V 2 (mL) is the volume of HNO 3 solution; and m 2 (g) is final mass of the adsorbent after releasing Co(II).…”

Carbohydrate biopolymers, lignin based adsorbents for removal of heavy metals (Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+) from wastewater, regeneration and reuse for spent adsorbents including latent fingerprint detection: A review

“…Due to their unique structure, physico-chemical properties, chemical stability, great sensitivity and high selectivity arising from the inclusion of chemical reactive groups such as hydroxyl, acetamide or amino functions in polymer chains, these biopolymers provide a relevant and desirable route to sorbents. In addition, these materials are plentiful, reusable, biodegradable and capable of binding a large range of molecules physically and chemically [ 11 , 12 ]. A diversity of carbohydrate biopolymers has been used extensively as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals in wastewater.…”