Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water; Technical Reports Series No. 398,

Musolino, Stephen V.

doi:10.1097/00004032-200111000-00017

Cited by 178 publications

(318 citation statements)

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“…To ensure that the phantom materials were assigned to correct Hounsfield units (HU) and thus relative stopping powers for subsequent dose calculation in the TPS, WETs of the phantom, flask and various media for cell supply were determined. The term WET in g/cm 2 refers to the product of the actual thickness (in cm) and the material mass density (in g/cm 3 ) (Andreo et al 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incomplete dosimetry might lead to systematic dosimetric uncertainties in radiobiological experiments, especially in heterogeneous phantoms. Phantoms for biological experiments typically do not fulfill the dosimetric guidelines established for reference dosimetry (Andreo et al 2006). Consequently, direct extrapolation of the results from the literature for reference dosimetry is not feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to establish a systematic and comprehensive dosimetric characterization of an in-house phantom developed for in vitro studies in horizontal particle beams, which enables simultaneous irradiation at multiple positions along the beam path. Dosimetry was performed under non-reference conditions, since the material composition and geometry of the phantom did not fulfill the requirements for reference dosimetry stipulated in IAEA TRS-398 (Andreo et al 2006). To obtain exact dose-averaged LET values (LET d ) for each cell position, LET values were calculated in research TPS RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories, Sweden, V5.99) using an existing Monte Carlo (MC) dose algorithm (RaySearch Americas Inc. 2017; Saini et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning

Clausen

Khachonkham

Gruber

et al. 2019

Radiat Environ Biophys

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A new phantom was designed for in vitro studies on cell lines in horizontal particle beams. The phantom enables simultaneous irradiation at multiple positions along the beam path. The main purpose of this study was the detailed dosimetric characterization of the phantom which consists of various heterogeneous structures. The dosimetric measurements described here were performed under non-reference conditions. The experiment involved a CT scan of the phantom, dose calculations performed with the treatment planning system (TPS) RayStation employing both the Pencil Beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms, and proton beam delivery. Two treatment plans reflecting the typical target location for head and neck cancer and prostate cancer treatment were created. Absorbed dose to water and dose homogeneity were experimentally assessed within the phantom along the Bragg curve with ionization chambers (ICs) and EBT3 films. LETd distributions were obtained from the TPS. Measured depth dose distributions were in good agreement with the Monte Carlo-based TPS data. Absorbed dose calculated with the PB algorithm was 4% higher than the absorbed dose measured with ICs at the deepest measurement point along the spread-out Bragg peak. Results of experiments using melanoma (SKMel) cell line are also presented. The study suggested a pronounced correlation between the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and LETd, where higher LETd leads to elevated cell death and cell inactivation. Obtained RBE values ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 at the survival level of 10% (RBE10). It is concluded that dosimetric characterization of a phantom before its use for RBE experiments is essential, since a high dosimetric accuracy contributes to reliable RBE data and allows for a clearer differentiation between physical and biological uncertainties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning

Clausen

Khachonkham

Gruber

et al. 2019

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…TPR 20/10 value is determined from empirical formula TPR 20/10 = 1.2661 × PDD 20,10 − 0.0595. Where, PDD 20,10 is ratio of PDD at 10 cm & 20 cm [6] depth. TPR 20/10 is also measured directly in D 20,10 phantom in isocentric setup for 10 × 10 field in depth of 10 cm and 20 cm.…”

Section: Beam Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Commissioning of TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator: Quantitative and Qualitative Dosimetric Analysis and Comparison of Flattening Filter (FF) and Flattening Filter Free (FFF) Beam

Shende

Gupta

Patel³

et al. 2016

IJMPCERO

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Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam TM Medical Linear Accelerator. Critique of beam characterization and evolution of dosimetric properties for 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV FF beam and 6 MVFFF, 10 MVFFF FFF beam has been carried out. We performed the comparison of photon beam data for two standard FF photon energy 6 MV, 10 MV verses 6 MVFFF, and 10 MVFFF FFF beam. Determination and comparison of parameter involved PDD (Percentage depth dose), Depth dose profile, Symmetry, Flatness, Quality index, Relative output factor, Penumbra, Transmission factor, DLG (Dosimetric leaf gap), in addition to degree of Un-flatness and off-axis ratio of FFF beam. Outcomes of presenting study had shown that change of various parameters such as Percentage depth dose curves, Shape of the depth dose profile, Transmission, Value of quality index and significant rise in surface dose for FFF in comparison with FF beam. Differences in the output factor at lower and higher field sizes for FFF beam compared to that of FF beam were found. The maximum output factor deviation between 6 MV and 6 MVFFF was found to be 4.55%, whereas in 10 MV and 10 MVFFF was 5.71%. Beam quality TPR20/10 for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude, 5.42% for 6 MVFFF whereas 4.50% for 10 MVFFF compared to 6 MV and 10 MV FF beam respectively. Jaw transmission and interleaf leakage for FFF beam were found to be lesser than FF beam. Also DLG for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude comparable to that of flattened beam. This study is mainly inclined towards evalua-* Corresponding author. R. Shende et al. 52 tion and comparison of the FF and FFF beam. It has been observed that, the outcome of a commissioning beam data generation fully complies with vendor specification and published literature.

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“…This was the world's first absorbed dose to water based protocol and was developed in collaboration with the NPL, IPSM (now known as the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM)) and hospital physicists. This CoP provides a formalism based on absorbed dose to water providing reduced uncertainty, compared with the previous air kerma calibration method [3,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy reference dose audit in the United Kingdom by the National Physical Laboratory: 20 years of consistency and improvements

Thomas

Bolt

Bass

et al. 2017

Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology

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Background and purpose: Audit is imperative in delivering consistent and safe radiotherapy and the UK has a strong history of radiotherapy audit. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) has undertaken audit measurements since 1994 and this work examines results from these audits. Materials and methods: This paper reviews audit results from 209 separate beams from 82 on-site visits to National Health Service (NHS) radiotherapy departments conducted between June 1994 and February 2015. Measurements were undertaken following the relevant UK code of practice. The accuracy of the implementation of absorbed dose calibration across the UK is quantified for MV photon, MeV electron and kV X-ray radiotherapy beams. Results: Over the measurement period the standard deviation of MV photon beam output has reduced from 0.8% to 0.4%. The switch from air kerma-to absorbed dose-based electron code of practice contributed to a reduction in the difference of electron beam output of 0.6% (p < 0.01). The mean difference in NPL to local measurement for radiation output calibration was less than 0.25% for all beam modalities. Conclusions: The introduction of the 2003 electron code of practice based on absorbed dose to water decreased the difference between absolute dose measurements by the centre and NPL. The use of a single photon code of practice over the period of measurements has contributed to a reduction in measurement variation. Within the clinical setting, on-site audit visits have been shown to identify areas of improvement for determining and implementing absolute dose calibrations.

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Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water; Technical Reports Series No. 398,

Cited by 178 publications

References 0 publications

Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning

Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning

Commissioning of TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator: Quantitative and Qualitative Dosimetric Analysis and Comparison of Flattening Filter (FF) and Flattening Filter Free (FFF) Beam

Radiotherapy reference dose audit in the United Kingdom by the National Physical Laboratory: 20 years of consistency and improvements

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Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water; Technical Reports Series No. 398,

Cited by 178 publications

References 0 publications

Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning

Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning

Commissioning of TrueBeam&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; Medical Linear Accelerator: Quantitative and Qualitative Dosimetric Analysis and Comparison of Flattening Filter (FF) and Flattening Filter Free (FFF) Beam

Radiotherapy reference dose audit in the United Kingdom by the National Physical Laboratory: 20 years of consistency and improvements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Commissioning of TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator: Quantitative and Qualitative Dosimetric Analysis and Comparison of Flattening Filter (FF) and Flattening Filter Free (FFF) Beam