Absolute Trends and Accurate and Precise Gas-Phase Binding Energies of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid Clusters from Combined Independent and Competitive TCID Measurements

Abstract

Ionic liquid (IL) development efforts have focused on achieving desired properties via tuning of the IL through variation of the cations and anions. However, works geared toward a microscopic understanding of the nature and strength of the intrinsic cation−anion interactions of ILs have been rather limited such that the intrinsic strength of the cation−anion interactions in ILs is largely unknown. In previous work, we employed threshold collision-induced dissociation approaches supported and enhanced by electronic structure calculations to characterize the nature of the cation− anion interactions in and determine the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of a series of four 2:1 clusters of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and tetrafluoroborate anions, [2C n mim:BF 4 ] + . The cation was varied over the series: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C 2 mim] + , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C 4 mim] + , 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C 6 mim] + , and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C 8 mim] + , to determine the structural and energetic effects of the size of the 1-alkyl substituent on the binding. The variation in the strength of binding determined for these [2C n mim:BF 4 ] + clusters was found to be similar in magnitude to the average experimental uncertainty in these determinations. To definitively establish an absolute order of binding among these [2C n mim:BF 4 ] + clusters, we extend this work here to include competitive binding studies of three mixed 2:1 clusters of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and tetrafluoroborate anions, [C n−2 mim:BF 4 :C n mim] + for n = 4, 6, and 8. Importantly, the results of the present work simultaneously provide the absolute BDEs of these mixed [C n−2 mim:BF 4 :C n mim] + clusters and the absolute relative order of the intrinsic binding interactions as a function of the cation with significantly improved precision. Further, by combining the thermochemical results of the previous and present studies, the BDEs of the [2C n mim:BF 4 ] + clusters are more accurately and precisely determined.