Absolute scale of second-order nonlinear-optical coefficients

Shoji, Ichiro; Kondo, Takashi; Kitamoto, Ayako; Shirane, Masayuki; Ito, Ryoichi

doi:10.1364/josab.14.002268

Cited by 758 publications

(395 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Narrow gaps, however, increase the device capacitance according to Eq. (38). The optimum finger distance is a compromise between transit time=lifetime, RC optimization, and heat dissipation.…”

Section: Low-temperature Grown Gaas Photoconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is usually called "optical rectification" as it generates a signal with the (relatively low) THz frequency from the beat of the two optical frequency (NIR or IR) laser beams. It requires laser intensities of the order of several hundred W=cm 2 in order to yield reasonable THz power, as the best v ð2Þ values are in the range of 25.2 pm=V (in LiNbO 3 , 38 for example). Therefore, CW operation is fairly difficult and would require phase-matching over extremely long interaction lengths.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tunable, continuous-wave Terahertz photomixer sources and applications

Preu

Döhler

Malzer

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

424

293

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Realization of gigahertz-frequency impedance matching circuits for nano-scale devices Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 053108 (2012) Synchronization of a renewable energy inverter with the grid J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 4, 043103 (2012) Monolithic high-temperature superconducting heterodyne Josephson frequency down-converter Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 262604 (2012) Generation of pure phase and amplitude-modulated signals at microwave frequencies Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 064705 (2012) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. This review is focused on the latest developments in continuous-wave (CW) photomixing for Terahertz (THz) generation. The first part of the paper explains the limiting factors for operation at high frequencies $ 1 THz, namely transit time or lifetime roll-off, antenna (R)-device (C) RC rolloff, current screening and blocking, and heat dissipation. We will present various realizations of both photoconductive and p-i-n diode-based photomixers to overcome these limitations, including perspectives on novel materials for high-power photomixers operating at telecom wavelengths (1550 nm). In addition to the classical approach of feeding current originating from a small semiconductor photomixer device to an antenna (antenna-based emitter, AE), an antennaless approach in which the active area itself radiates (large area emitter, LAE) is discussed in detail. Although we focus on CW photomixing, we briefly discuss recent results for LAEs under pulsed conditions. Record power levels of 1.5 mW average power and conversion efficiencies as high as 2 Â 10 À3 have been reached, about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those obtained with CW antenna-based emitters. The second part of the paper is devoted to applications for CW photomixers. We begin with a discussion of the development of novel THz optics. Special attention is paid to experiments exploiting the long coherence length of CW photomixers for coherent emission and detection of THz arrays. The long coherence length comes with an unprecedented narrow linewidth. This is of particular interest for spectroscopic applications, the field in which THz research has perhaps the highest impact. We point out that CW spectroscopy systems may potentially be more compact, cheaper, and more accurate than conventional pulsed systems. These features are attributed to telecom-wavelength compatibility, to excellent frequency resolution, and to their huge spectral density. The paper concludes with prototype experiments of THz wireless LAN applications. For future telecommunication systems, the limited bandwidth of photodiodes is inadequate for further upshifting carrier frequencies. This, however, will soon be required for increased data throughput. The implementation of telecom-wavelength compatible photomixing diodes for down-conversion of an optical carrier signal to a (sub-)THz RF signal will be required.

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Section: Low-temperature Grown Gaas Photoconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, continuous-wave Terahertz photomixer sources and applications

Preu

Döhler

Malzer

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

424

293

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“…La variation d'épaisseur, L(u), est obtenue en translatant l'échantillon, usiné en forme de prisme d'angle β, selon une direction u orthogonale à l'axe du faisceau incident [16], comme le montre la figure 16. À une configuration de polarisation donnée, le paramètre ∆k de l'interaction reste fixe quel que soit u, de sorte que la puissance générée varie sinusoïdalement en fonction de la seule variable u.…”

Section: Mesure Par Shg Hors Accord De Phaseunclassified

“…Une expérience typique de franges de Maker nécessite un balayage angulaire de quelques dizaines de degrés de part et d'autre de la normale à la face d'entrée, de sorte que l'équation (2) ne peut plus être utilisée. Les expressions adaptées, correspondant aux différents plans principaux des cristaux uniaxes et biaxes, peuvent être établies à partir des équations de la référence [16]. Par exemple, dans le cas simple d'une SHG B. Boulanger et J.-P. Fève : Méthodes de caractérisation des propriétés optiques non linéaires de conversion de fréquence des cristaux.…”

Section: Méthode Des Franges De Makerunclassified

Méthodes de caractérisation des propriétés optiques non linéaires de conversion de fréquence des cristaux

Boulanger

Fève

2003

Élaboration Et Caractérisation Des Cristaux Massifs Et en Couches Minces Pour l'Optique

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Résumé. Une partie importante des progrès réalisés au cours des dernières années sur les dispositifs de conversion de fréquence optique est due au développement de nouveaux cristaux à propriétés optiques non-linéaires et à la maîtrise croissante de leur qualité. La connaissance précise et fiable des propriétés d'un nouveau matériau à un stade précoce de son développement est primordiale pour choisir les cristaux dont la cristallogenèse mérite d'être poursuivie.Le but de ce chapitre est de présenter les paramètres pertinents qui gouvernent les interactions optiques non linéaires de conversion de fréquence et les méthodes de caractérisation associées. Une comparaison des principaux cristaux convertisseurs de fréquence est donnée, ainsi que leurs domaines d'application. Mots

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“…Moreover the order of magnitude of the non-zero entries of its second order susceptibility is known [9,11,13,15,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Maxwell-Bloch model with discrete symmetries for wave propagation in nonlinear crystals: an application to KDP

Besse¹,

Bidégaray-Fesquet

Bourgeade³

et al. 2004

ESAIM: M2AN

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Abstract. This article presents the derivation of a semi-classical model of electromagnetic-wave propagation in a non centro-symmetric crystal. It consists of Maxwell's equations for the wave field coupled with a version of Bloch's equations which takes fully into account the discrete symmetry group of the crystal. The model is specialized in the case of a KDP crystal for which information about the dipolar moments at the Bloch level can be recovered from the macroscopic dispersion properties of the material.Mathematics Subject Classification. 78A60, 81V80.

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Absolute scale of second-order nonlinear-optical coefficients

Cited by 758 publications

References 70 publications

Tunable, continuous-wave Terahertz photomixer sources and applications

Tunable, continuous-wave Terahertz photomixer sources and applications

Méthodes de caractérisation des propriétés optiques non linéaires de conversion de fréquence des cristaux

A Maxwell-Bloch model with discrete symmetries for wave propagation in nonlinear crystals: an application to KDP

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