“…Each material or technique has differing degrees of effectiveness, and some have shown to be more suitable for specific insects over others ( Hunt et al 2000 ; Vilarinho et al 2006 ). An effective marker is one that is durable, inexpensive, nontoxic, easy to apply and identify, and does not affect normal behavior, growth, fecundity, or life span ( Akey 1991 ; Southwood and Henderson 2000 ; Hagler and Jackson 2001 ).…”