“…The extracted phase that is produced is wrapped ∅ , and this can be unwrapped by using a basic phase unwrapping algorithm [23], or by eliminating the wraps as explained in [24], or more sophisticated phase unwrapping methods [25,26,27,28]. This produces a relative unwrapped phase distribution, which is required to be converted to an absolute unwrapped phase using the zero-phase fringe-marking spots, as explained below.…”