Abstract. A new technique for calibrating photoacoustic aerosol
absorption spectrometers with multiple laser passes in the acoustic cavity
(multi-pass PAS) has been developed utilizing polydisperse and
highly absorbing aerosol. This is the first calibration technique for
multi-pass PAS instruments that utilizes particles instead of reactive gases
and does not require knowledge of the exact size or refractive index of the
absorbing aerosol. In this new method, highly absorbing materials are
aerosolized into a polydisperse distribution and measured simultaneously
with a multi-pass PAS and a cavity-attenuated phase shift particulate matter
single-scattering albedo (CAPS PMSSA, Aerodyne Inc.) instrument. The
CAPS PMSSA measures the bulk absorption coefficient through the
subtraction of the scattering coefficient from the extinction coefficient.
While this approach can have significant errors in ambient aerosol, the
accuracy and precision of the CAPS PMSSA are high when the measured
aerosol has a low single-scattering albedo (SSA) and particles are less than 300 nm in size, in which
case truncation errors are small. To confirm the precision and accuracy of
the new calibration approach, a range of aerosol concentrations were sent to
the multi-pass PAS and CAPS PMSSA instruments using three different
absorbing substances: Aquadag, Regal Black, and Nigrosin. Six repetitions
with each of the three substances produced stable calibrations, with the
standard deviation of the calibration slopes being less than 2 % at 660 nm and less than 5 % at 405 nm for a given calibration substance.
Calibrations were also consistent across the different calibration
substances (standard deviation of 2 % at 660 nm and 10 % at 405 nm)
except for Nigrosin at 405 nm. The accuracy of the calibration approach is
dependent on the SSA of the calibration
substance but is roughly 6 % for the calibration substances used here,
which all have an SSA near 0.4 at 405 nm. This calibration technique is
easily deployed in the field as it involves no toxic or reactive gases and
it does not require generation of a monodisperse aerosol. Advantages to this
particle-based calibration technique versus techniques based on ozone or
nitrogen dioxide absorption include no reactive losses or impact from
carrier gases and the broad absorption characteristics of the particles,
which eliminate potentially significant errors in calibration that come with
small errors in the peak wavelength of the laser light when utilizing
gas-phase standards.