Absolute light output of scintillators

Moszyński, M.; Kapusta, M.; Mayhugh, M. R.; Wolski, D.; Flyckt, S.O.

doi:10.1109/23.603803

Cited by 362 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, LSO appears to possesses a scintillation efficienc about four times greater than BGO based on the square of the ratio of LSO to BGO energy resolution at 511 keV (Table II). This value is somewhat higher than the ratio of absolute light outputs of these two scintillators (3.2) calculated from the data of Moszynski et al [24]. However, the present experiment tends to underestimate BGO light output relative to LSO by ignoring differences between these scintillators that affect light collection efficiency e.g., differences in emission spectra, etc.…”

Section: Energy Resolutioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…7(b) require correction if global lower and upper energy thresholds are to be used over the entire UFOV (as was done here). This scaling, while compensating for any crystal-to-crystal variations in LSO light output [24], regional differences in optical coupling efficienc or regional PSPMT amplificatio variations, does not correct for variations in energy resolution from crystal-to-crystal and a different correction would be needed for this purpose.…”

Section: B Spatial Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance characteristics of a compact position-sensitive LSO detector module

Vaquero

Seidel

Siegel

et al. 1998

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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Abstract-We assembled a compact detector module comprised of an array of small, individual crystals of lutetium oxyorthosilicate:Ce (LSO) coupled directly to a miniature, metal-can, position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). We exposed this module to sources of 511-keV annihilation radiation and beams of 30-and 140-keV photons and measured spatial linearity; spatial variations in module gain, energy resolution, and event positioning; coincidence timing; the accuracy and sensitivity of identifying the crystal-of-first-interaction at 511 keV; and the effects of intercrystal scatter and LSO background radioactivity. The results suggest that this scintillator/phototube combination should be highly effective in the coincidence mode and can be used, with some limitations, to image relatively low-energy single photon emitters.Photons that are completely absorbed on their first interaction at 511 keV are positioned by the module at the center of a crystal. Intercrystal scatter events, even those that lead to total absorption of the incident photon, are placed by the module in a regular "connect-the-dot" pattern that joins crystal centers. As a result, the accuracy of event positioning can be made to exceed 90%, though at significantly reduced sensitivity, by retaining only events that occur within small regions-of-interest around each crystal center and rejecting events that occur outside these regions in the connect-the-dot pattern.Index Terms-Intercrystal scatter, lutetium oxyorthosilicate:Ce (LSO), position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, small animal positron emission tomography (PET).

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Section: Energy Resolutioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: B Spatial Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance characteristics of a compact position-sensitive LSO detector module

Vaquero

Seidel

Siegel

et al. 1998

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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“…The simulations in Section III-B have been repeated with 350 electrons rms noise per photodiode, and both 20 000 and 10 000 photons per interaction. These values correspond to about the number of e-h pairs for CsI(Tl) and LSO scintillators, respectively [5]. Scintillator dimensions are 25 25 3 mm .…”

Section: E Effect Of Varying Signal-to-noise Ratio (Snr)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Design and simulation of continuous scintillator with pixellated photodetector

Takacs

Rosenfeld²,

Lerch³

et al. 2001

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-We present results of simulations performed as part of the development of a gamma-ray detector module comprising a nonpixellated scintillator and pixellated photodiode detector. The simulations have been carried out to determine the effect of surface treatment and dimensions of the scintillator on the ability to determine the two-dimensional position of interaction. A set of 32 different combinations of surface treatments have been considered for each crystal size. Scintillator dimensions considered have been 25 25 ( 3-6 mm 3 ). For scintillator thicknesses at the low end of this range, an average accuracy of 0.5-0.6 mm is achievable for many different surface treatments. At the higher end of the thickness range, 6 mm, the average accuracy reduces to around 0.7 mm and is more dependent on the surface treatment.

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“…The two materials also differ in another important parameter, their light yield at RT, with the YAP:Ce value being some 50% higher (17,100 photons/MeV, vs. 11,300 for LuAP:Ce) [17]. Bartram et al [18] suggested that the deep traps responsible for the htTL glow peaks between 300 and 600 K also contribute to the loss of scintillation light at RT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Aspects of Solid State Radioluminescence

Wojtowicz

1999

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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In this paper we review results of radioluminescence studies on two scintillator materials, LuA1O 3 and YA1O3, activated with Ce. The experiments include measurements of thermoluminescence, isothermal phosphorescence decays, scintillation light yield as function of temperature, and scintillation time profiles under gamma excitation. Experimental results are interpreted in the frame of a simple kinetic model that includes a number of electron traps. We have identified and characterized a number of deep and shallow traps and demonstrated that traps in LuA1O3:Ce are deeper than corresponding traps in YA1O3:Ce. Unlike deep traps which are responsible for some scintillation light loss but otherwise do not have any impact on generation of scintillation light, shallow traps are shown to actively interfere with the process of radiative recombination via Ce ions. We demonstrate that shallow traps are responsible for some as yet unexplained observations including a higher room temperature light yield of YA1O3:Ce and its longer scintillation decay time, as well as a longer scintillation rise time in LuA1O3 :Ce.

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Absolute light output of scintillators

Cited by 362 publications

References 17 publications

Performance characteristics of a compact position-sensitive LSO detector module

Performance characteristics of a compact position-sensitive LSO detector module

Design and simulation of continuous scintillator with pixellated photodetector

Some Aspects of Solid State Radioluminescence

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