Absolute Frequency Measurement of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Ca</mml:mi><mml:none /><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>40</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:

Chwalla, M.; Benhelm, J.; Kim, K.; Kirchmair, Gerhard; Monz, Thomas; Riebe, M.; Schindler, Philipp; Villar, A. S.; Hänsel, Wolfgang; Roos, C. F.; Blatt, R.; Abgrall, M.; Santarelli, Giorgio; Rovera, Daniele; Laurent, Philippe

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.023002

Cited by 161 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…This point will be addressed later where polarizabilities are discussed. The two most important lifetimes for the Ca + clock [61][62][63][64][65] are the lifetimes of the 3d J and 4p J levels. The 3d J states decay to the ground state in an electric quadrupole transition with lifetime of about 1.1 sec [23].…”

Section: A Reduced Matrix Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic polarizabilities for the low-lying states of Ca+

et al. 2013

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The dynamic polarizabilities of the 4s, 3d and 4p states of Ca + , are calculated using a relativistic structure model. The wavelengths at which the Stark shifts between different pairs of transitions are zero are computed. Experimental determination of the magic wavelengths can be used to estimate the ratio of the f 3d J →4p J ′ and f4s 1/2 →4p J ′ oscillator strengths. This could prove valuable in developing better atomic structure models and in particular lead to improved values of the polarizabilities needed in the evaluation of the blackbody radiation shift of the Ca + ion.

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Section: A Reduced Matrix Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic polarizabilities for the low-lying states of Ca+

et al. 2013

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“…PACS numbers: 32.70.Cs, 42.50.Lc, 37.10.Ty Due to its environmental isolation and long interrogation time, a single trapped 40 Ca + ion has been used as an ideal system for developing optical frequency standards [1] and for studying quantum information processes [2,3,4]. A trapped 40 Ca + ion has also been used for precision measurements to test atomic many-body theories [5,6,7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Precise determination of the quadrupole transition matrix element ofCa+40via branching-fraction and lifetime measurements

et al. 2017

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We report the first experimental determination of the 4s 2 S 1/2 ↔ 3d 2 D 5/2 quadrupole transition matrix element in 40 Ca + by measuring the branching ratio of the 3d 2 D 5/2 state decaying into the ground state 4s 2 S 1/2 and the lifetime of the 3d 2 D 5/2 state, using a technique of highly synchronized measurement sequence for laser control and highly efficient quantum state detection for quantum jumps. The measured branching ratio and improved lifetime are, respectively, 0.9992(80) and 1.1652(46) s, which yield the value of the quadrupole transition matrix element (in absolute value) 9.737(43) ea 2 0 with the uncertainty at the level of 0.44%. The measured quadrupole transition matrix element is in good agreement with the most precise many-body atomic structure calculations. Our method can be universally applied to measurements of transition matrix elements in single ions and atoms of similar structure. [11,12] and experimentally [13], all-optical trapped ion clocks are feasible to be realized in the foreseeable future. One important issue for building such kind of trap is to overcome large ac Stark shifts due to use of high optical power; thus it is necessary to take higher-order effects into account by knowing the corresponding high-order transition matrix elements [14]. In quantum information research, because of long coherence time of the ground and metastable states, selected quadrupole transitions for encoding a quantum bit of information are used to realize quantum logic techniques. In plasma physics, quadrupole transitions open an observational window into hot plasmas of low electron density [15]. In astrophysics, quadrupole transition lines provide information on structure and physical characteristics of interstellar clouds [16,17]. Moreover, electric quadrupole transitions can be used to study atomic parity-violation in heavy ions [18,19]. Finally, comparison between experimentally measured quadrupole transition matrix elements and their corresponding theoretical values can test sophisticated relativistic atomic many-body theories.In principle, dipole transition matrix elements in an atom or ion can be determined by measuring its ac Stark shifts when exposed to a light, using the concept of magic-zero (tune-out) wavelengths, such as the work on where g k = 6 and λ is the transition wavelength inÅ [1].Single 40 Ca + ion is first laser cooled and trapped in a miniature ring Paul trap. A high-efficiency quantum state detection method for fluorescence counting and a highly synchronized measurement sequence for laser conarXiv:1609.04177v1 [physics.atom-ph]

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“…Over the last two decades, the application of ion traps has expanded from mass spectrometry [1] and frequency standards [2,3] toward engineering of quantum systems which can be used for quantum computation [4][5][6] and quantum simulation [7,8]. It is commonly accepted that largescale trapped ion quantum information processors require micrometer-scale ion traps [5,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic resonator design for trapped ion experiments in Paul traps

et al. 2016

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few orders of magnitude lower than at room temperature. This enables trapping of longer ion strings due to fewer collisions with background gas. Furthermore, no bake-out procedure of the vacuum vessel is required, allowing for rapid trap cycle times.The operation of Paul traps requires high radio frequency (RF) voltages, which are usually generated with the aid of the voltage gain present in RF resonators. For this purpose, helical resonators are typically used in the frequency regime up to 50 MHz, whereas for experiments requiring higher drive frequencies coaxial resonators have been used as well [12][13][14]. In cryogenic experiments, the resonator needs to fulfill different criteria than in room temperature experiments where the resonator can be placed outside the vacuum vessel. In particular, the connections in a cryostat need to have low thermal conductivity to limit the thermal load. Following the Wiedemann-Franz law [15], these results in a low electrical conductivity between room temperature and the cryogenic parts of the experiment. Thus, the resonators have to be operated at the cold stage. Moreover, space constraints are stricter in cryogenic systems which makes helical resonators undesirable as they are generally bulky 1 . To minimize the volume of the resonator, an RLC series resonator can be used [17].In Sect. 2, we focus on the choice of the trap drive frequency, the required voltage gain, and voltage monitoring. Section 3 covers coil design for three types of coils, and in the following Sect. 4, we discuss impedance matching of the resonator and present an efficient way to match cryogenic resonators. Section 5 focuses on the design of RF shielding, and finally, we present the results in Sect. 6. 1 Helical resonators have been used in cryogenic systems [16].Abstract Trapping ions in Paul traps require high radio frequency voltages, which are generated using resonators. When operating traps in a cryogenic environment, an invacuum resonator showing low loss is crucial to limit the thermal load to the cryostat. In this study, we present a guide for the design and production of compact, shielded cryogenic resonators. We produced and characterized three different types of resonators and furthermore demonstrate efficient impedance matching of these resonators at cryogenic temperatures.

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Absolute Frequency Measurement of theCa+404s S1/2

Abstract: Absolute frequency measurement of the 40 Ca + 4s 2 S 1/2 − 3d 2 D 5/2 clock transition

Cited by 161 publications

References 29 publications

Dynamic polarizabilities for the low-lying states of Ca+

Dynamic polarizabilities for the low-lying states of Ca+

Precise determination of the quadrupole transition matrix element ofCa+40via branching-fraction and lifetime measurements

Cryogenic resonator design for trapped ion experiments in Paul traps

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