Absolute calibration of the Greenland time scale: implications for Antarctic time scales and for Δ14C

Shackleton, Nicholas J; Fairbanks, Richard G.; Chiu, Tz-Cheng; Parrenin, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.006

Cited by 292 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Calcite content is measured using an X-ray diffraction instrument with a calibrated detection limit of 0.2% calcite in an aragonitic coral. These pristine drill core samples and rigorous quality control criteria for vadose (zone exposed to percolating rain water) exposed samples are especially essential to the accuracy of the older radiocarbon dates, where a trace amount of calcite (i.e., greater than 0.2%) can result in unacceptably large offsets in radiocarbon ages (Chiu et al, 2004(Chiu et al, , 2005. The ''less than 0.2% calcite'' is the single most important screening criterion we have adopted, and it explains many of the differences between our calibration curve and published coral data that typically use 1% calcite detection limits and measure between 1% and 5% calcite in their samples (Yokoyama et al, 2000;Paterne et al, 2004).…”

Section: :1 Linementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, we expect our calibration curve will include mostly samples submerged in seawater since growth, where coral aragonite is thermodynamically stable. Although we choose not to amalgamate our data with other calibration data in this paper, we are actively participating in combining our radiocarbon calibration data in international calibration efforts using a subset of our samples younger than 26,000 yr BP Hughen et al, 2004b) and in ice core age model development and D 14 C reconstructions combining our older samples with data from other groups (e.g., Shackleton et al, 2004).…”

Section: Barbados Kiritimati and Araki Reservoir Age Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suitable trees older than 12,000 yr BP are rare, but efforts continue to extend the tree ring calibration curve (Friedrich et al, 1999(Friedrich et al, , 2001. In this study, we have overlapped and extended the tree-ring radiocarbon calibration from 0 to 50,000 yr BP using coral samples from our offshore coral reef core collection from Barbados (13.101N; 59.321W) in the western tropical Atlantic and Kiritimati Atoll (1.991N, 157.781W) in the central equatorial Pacific, and from the uplifted reefs of Araki Island (15.631S; 166.931E) in the western Pacific (Chiu et al, 2004(Chiu et al, , 2005a. Using new pretreatment and analytical techniques and state-of-the-art instrumentation at higher precision, we have reanalyzed the radiocarbon and 230 Th/ 234 U/ 238 U age dates from our original calibration work (Fairbanks, 1989(Fairbanks, , 1990Bard et al, 1990Bard et al, , 1993Bard et al, , 1998, all of which were included in INTCAL98 (Stuiver et al, 1998a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals

Fairbanks

Mortlock

Chiu

et al. 2005

Quaternary Science Reviews

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846

586

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Radiocarbon dating is the most widely used dating technique in the world. Recent advances in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and sample preparation techniques have reduced the sample-size requirements by a factor of 1000 and decreased the measurement time from weeks to minutes. Today, it is estimated that more than 90 percent of all measurements made on accelerator mass spectrometers are for radiocarbon age dates. The production of 14 C in the atmosphere varies through time due to changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field intensity and in its concentration, which is regulated by the carbon cycle. As a result of these two variables, a radiocarbon age is not equivalent to a calendar age. Four decades of joint research by the dendrochronology and radiocarbon communities have produced a radiocarbon calibration data set of remarkable precision and accuracy extending from the present to approximately 12,000 calendar years before present. This paper presents high precision paired 230 Th/ 234 U/ 238 U and 14 C age determinations on pristine coral samples that enable us to extend the radiocarbon calibration curve from 12,000 to 50,000 years before present. We developed a statistical model to properly estimate sample age conversion from radiocarbon years to calendar years, taking full account of combined errors in input ages and calibration uncertainties. Our radiocarbon calibration program is publicly accessible at: http://www.radiocarbon.LDEO.columbia.edu/ along with full documentation of the samples, data, and our statistical calibration model. r

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Section: :1 Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Barbados Kiritimati and Araki Reservoir Age Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals

Fairbanks

Mortlock

Chiu

et al. 2005

Quaternary Science Reviews

Self Cite

846

586

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“…From this depth the presence of mollusc remains was continuous to the top of the profile. These data allowed for the reconstruction of the environmental change for the end of the Pleistocene, specifically for MIS 3 and MIS 2 [58][59][60] (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Unauthenticatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Črvenka loess-paleosol sequence revisited: local and regional Quaternary biogeographical inferences of the southern Carpathian Basin

et al. 2016

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Studies of Quaternary malacological assemblages from the loess-paleosol section of Črvenka (Vojvodina region, Serbia) provided the opportunity to examine the paleobiogeographic dynamics of the southern part of the Carpathian Basin. The results of quantitative-statistical, paleoecological and paleobiogeographical analyses performed on 9185 specimens of 38 mollusc species from six stratigraphic units showed that the study area was a transition area between the refuge areas in the Carpathian Basin during the Pleistocene.

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“…The Nd isotope records in both cores follow a broad trend towards more radiogenic compositions before and during H4 with the Blake Ridge record apparently slightly leading the Cape Basin record. Clearly the chronologies for both cores have some error but since both core sites are intercalibrated via the GISP2/GRIP age scales of Shackleton et al (2004) for Greenland DansgaardeOeschger cycles this error is most unlikely to be >1 ka. Taken at face value the data suggest that NADW (GNAIW) variability in the western North Atlantic was either contemporaneous or preceded that recorded at the outlet of NADW into the Southern Ocean by a small margin.…”

Section: North Atlanticesouth Atlantic Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in North Atlantic Deep Water strength and bottom water masses during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (45–35kaBP)

Gutjahr

Hoogakker

McCave

2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tThe strength of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during climatically highly variable Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 has attracted much attention in recent years. Here we present highresolution Nd isotope compositions of past seawater derived from authigenic FeeMn oxyhydroxides recovered from drift sediments on the Blake Ridge in the deep western North Atlantic (ODP Leg 172, Site 1060, 3481 m water depth). The data cover the period from 45 to 35 ka BP, tracing circulation changes during major Heinrich iceberg discharge event 4 (H4, w40e39 ka BP). The Nd isotope record suggests that there was no northern-source water (NSW) mass like modern NADW at the deeper part of Blake Ridge at any time between 45 and 35 ka. This is fundamentally different from the hydrographic situation during the Holocene where NADW extends below 4500 m at this location. The 3 Nd of past deep water recorded in the Blake Ridge sediments was least radiogenic during Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) Interstadial (IS) 8 (3 Nd ¼ À11.3) and most radiogenic immediately preceding IS 9 (3 Nd ¼ À9.8). More radiogenic compositions were also recorded during H4 (À10.2 3 Nd À9.9). The Nd isotope variability in MIS 3 matches that of a physical bottom current strength reconstruction from the same location. Neither record follows the pattern of Northern Hemisphere D/O climatic cycles. In our record, reduced mixing with northern source waters started in stadial 12 and lasted until after H4 in stadial 9, followed by a rapid increase in NSW contribution thereafter. This major change in the Nd isotope record predates the iceberg discharge event Heinrich 4 by more than 3 ka indicating a shallowing of the water mass boundary between Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water and Southern Source Water beneath. This early change in bottom water properties at the deep Blake Ridge suggests that North Atlantic deep water advection may already have decreased several thousand years before the actual iceberg discharge event and associated freshening of the surface waters in the North Atlantic. The change can thus not be attributed to climatic events in the North Atlantic but may be related to changes in flux of deep water from the South.

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Absolute calibration of the Greenland time scale: implications for Antarctic time scales and for Δ14C

Cited by 292 publications

References 28 publications

Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals

Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals

Črvenka loess-paleosol sequence revisited: local and regional Quaternary biogeographical inferences of the southern Carpathian Basin

Changes in North Atlantic Deep Water strength and bottom water masses during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (45–35kaBP)

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