Absolute calibration of optical devices with a small field of view

Abstract

I would like to give thanks to those who I have learned a tremendous amount over the last years: my advisors Professor Dag Lorentzen and Professor Fred Sigernes. I feel very privileged to be able to refine my experimental techniques and learn the finer points of dayside aurora from both of them. From my first arctic lesson with Fred, to my first polar bear encounter with Dag, my education on Svalbard has been quite diverse. I also feel quite honoured to be a part of the team of scientists, both from The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) and our collaborating international institutions, that worked at the close of historic Nordlysstasjonen (The Auroral Station) in Adventdalen and the opening of the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO). Special thanks also go to my mentors and collaborators Dr. Boris Kozelov, Professor Charles Deehr, and Dr. Magnar Gullikstad Johnsen who have helped me tremendously. Thanks also to Mr. Matteo Ottaviani, who played a major role in the deployment of the Black spectrometer to Ny-Ålesund, which provided essential data. I would also like to acknowledge Professor Jøran Moen for being my advisor at the University of Oslo. Thanks also to Espen Trondsen for helping me in lots of different ways. I would like to recognize and the life and work of the late Nikita Shumilov, my predecessor. I was fortunate to briefly collaborate with Nikita while living in London, but never had the privilege of meeting him in person. Extra special thanks must go to my fellow station/observatory co-manager, Dr. Margit Dyrland. She was a great partner in managing the old station and the new observatory. Each of us probably could have managed it alone, but together our differing skills complemented each other quite well! I would like to acknowledge and say thanks for the opportunities given to me by both

Long‐term trends and the effect of solar cycle variations on mesospheric winter temperatures over Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78°N)

“…M 0 (λ) is the known irradiance of the lamp in Rayleigh per Ångström [R/Å], initially obtained at a distance z 0 . The lamp irradiance certification is in units of mW/m −2 nm, but is converted to number of photons cm −2 s −1 sr −1 and multiplied by 4π × 10 −6 to obtain the unit R/Å [ Sigernes et al , , ].…”

Auroral all-sky camera calibration

“…(11) are now found. The center pixel calibration factors of the NORUSCA II camera [B(λ c ) · BP/u(0)] were found by the method described by Sigernes et al (2007). 15 wavelength bands were selected to cover the most prominent auroral emissions within the spectral range of the camera.…”

“…The distance and angle between the screen and the lamp regulate the brightness of the screen. This well-known method of calibrating narrow field-of-view instruments is described in detail by Sigernes et al (2007). …”

Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions

“…Typical integration times last 120 s. An absolute spectral sensitivity calibration of the instrument was performed according to Sigernes et al (2007).…”