Absence of strong heterosis for life span and other life history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Johnson, Thomas E.; Hutchinson, E. W.

doi:10.1093/genetics/134.2.465

Cited by 88 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Are they evolutionary relics (Chasnov & Chow 2002) or does outcrossing via males have an important impact on variation within and between populations (Stewart & Phillips 2002;Cutter 2005)? It has previously been demonstrated that outcrossing in C. elegans is selected against in laboratory environments (Stewart & Phillips 2002), which agrees well with the very low proportions of males and outcrossing observed in natural isolates (Barrière & Félix 2005;Teotó nio et al 2006), as well as with the negligible inbreeding depression found for several life-history characters in C. elegans ( Johnson & Hutchinson 1993;E. Dolgin et al 2006, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Selection against males inCaenorhabditis elegansunder two mutational treatments

et al. 2006

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Within populations with mixed mating systems, selfing is expected to be favoured over outcrossing unless a countervailing process such as severe inbreeding depression is present. In this study, we consider the relationship between the expression of deleterious alleles and the maintenance of outcrossing in the nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans. This species is characterized by an androdioecious breeding system composed of males at low frequency and self-fertilizing hermaphrodites that can only outcross via males. Here, we find that experimentally increasing the mutational load in four different isogenic wild isolates using 10 generations of Ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) and UV irradiation mutagenesis significantly diminishes the cost of males. Males are maintained at higher frequencies in mutagenized versus non-mutagenized populations. Nevertheless, males still tend to be driven to low frequencies within isolates that are known to be prone to lose males. Further, we determine the viability effects of a single round of mutagen exposure and find that, for EMS, outcrossing overcomes the almost completely recessive and nearly lethal effects generated. We briefly interpret our results in light of current evolutionary theory of outcrossing rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…(b) Inbreeding depression generated by a single round of mutagen exposure Inbreeding depression is known to be negligible within natural isolates of C. elegans ( Johnson & Hutchinson 1993;E. Dolgin et al 2006, personal communication).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection against males inCaenorhabditis elegansunder two mutational treatments

et al. 2006

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“…In one such study, Cutter and Payseur (2003) found no differences between the rate of deleterious mutations and the site substitution in obligate outcrossing and selfing Caenorhabditis species, suggesting no benefit to outcrossing. Similarly, no measurable inbreeding depression has been detected in C. elegans in laboratory experiments (Johnson and Wood 1982;Johnson and Hutchinson 1993;Chasnov and Chow 2002).…”

Section: Nematodes In the Genus Caenorhabditismentioning

confidence: 94%

When males and hermaphrodites coexist: a review of androdioecy in animals

Weeks¹

2006

Integrative and Comparative Biology

150

142

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Androdioecy (populations consisting of males and hermaphrodites) is a rare mating system in plants and animals: up to 50 plants and only 36 animals have been described as being androdioecious, with most of the latter being crustaceans. To date, a thorough comparative analysis of androdioecy in animals has not been undertaken. Herein we present such an analysis. Androdioecy has only been extensively surveyed in 2 animal taxa: the nematode Caenorhabditis and the clam shrimp Eulimnadia. The other major taxon having androdioecious species is the Cirripedia (barnacles), but there are only limited studies on androdioecy in this group. In animals, androdioecy is found either in species that have morphologically and ecologically distinct sexes (that is, hermaphrodites and small, "complemental" males) that are derived from hermaphroditic ancestors (that is, the barnacles) or in species that have similarly-sized males and hermaphrodites that have been derived from dioecious ancestors (the remaining androdioecious species). We suggest that the barnacles have evolved a sexual specialization in the form of these complemental males that can more efficiently use the constrained habitats that these barnacles often experience. For the remaining species, we suggest that androdioecy has evolved as a response to reproductive assurance in species that experience episodic low densities. Additionally, we hypothesize that the development of mechanisms allowing reproductive assurance in species with a number of sexually differentiated traits is most likely to result in androdioecy rather than gynodioecy (mixtures of females and hermaphrodites), and that these species may be developmentally constrained to stay androdioecious rather than being capable of evolving into populations solely consisting of efficient, self-compatible hermaphrodites. We conclude by suggesting several areas in need of further study to understand more completely the evolution and distribution of this interesting mating system in animals.

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“…We hypothesize that the effects of mtDNA loss are mitigated by unique features of C. elegans and mitochondrial biology. First, while C. elegans have a short lifespan of 12-18 days on average (Johnson and Hutchinson, 1993), the electron transport chain proteins can have a relatively long half-life ranging from 4 to 46 days (Karunadharma et al, 2015). The combination of long protein half-life and short worm lifespan may reduce the need for continuous protein production by mtDNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific heteroplasmy dynamics is accompanied by a sharp drop in mtDNA copy number during development

Tsyba

Patel

2021

Preprint

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Mitochondrial mutation phenotypes are highly unpredictable as they depend on 3 variables; mutant-to-wildtype ratio (heteroplasmy level), total number of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), and the tissue affected. The exact phenotype experienced is governed by the combination of these variables, but current models lack the capability to examine the three variables simultaneously. We have established a C. elegans muscle and neuron system to overcome this challenge. Using this system, we measure heteroplasmy level and mtDNA copy number throughout development. Our results show that neurons accumulate significantly higher heteroplasmy level than muscles. These tissue-specific differences arise late in development, and are dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Importantly, we find that somatic tissues lose more than half of their mtDNA content during development. These findings show that heteroplasmy levels can remain stable, or even increase, despite acute mtDNA losses.

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Absence of strong heterosis for life span and other life history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Cited by 88 publications

References 39 publications

Selection against males inCaenorhabditis elegansunder two mutational treatments

Selection against males inCaenorhabditis elegansunder two mutational treatments

When males and hermaphrodites coexist: a review of androdioecy in animals

Tissue-specific heteroplasmy dynamics is accompanied by a sharp drop in mtDNA copy number during development

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