Absence of M protein in a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus

Lin, Fu Hai; Thormar, Halldór

doi:10.1038/285490a0

Cited by 72 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In spite of the similarity between clinical findings in cases of SSPE and ODE, their respective virus isolates have different properties in vitro, for instance polypeptide synthesis (Lin & Thormar, 1980; and the cell association property (Doi et al, 1972;Imagawa et al, 1980). These results, however, were obtained from only temporary infections in vitro.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

“…Although the variation in properties ranges widely among isolates from SSPE patients, the most important general characteristic of the isolates which is relevant to persistent infection appears to be the viral propensity for cell association (Doi et al, 1972;Thormar et al, 1973;Burnstein et al, 1974). A major reason for the cell association 0000-6864 © 1986 SGM T. KIMOTO differences has been attributed to the isolates themselves, some of which were impaired in the production of certain viral polypeptides, and in particular the normal M protein (Wechsler & Fields, 1978;Lin & Thormar, 1980;Young et al, 1985;Sheppard et al, 1985). If this is generally the case, much other biological and morphological evidence obtained from studies in vitro using the cell-associated SSPE viruses can be successfully explained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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In vitro and in vivo Properties of the Virus Causing Natural Canine Distemper Encephalitis

Kimoto

1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYA group of dogs with naturally occurring canine distemper developed prodromal systemic symptoms followed by neurological disorders. The post-infection courses of these diseases lasted approximately 2 months. A varying degree of demyelination and inclusion body formation was found mostly in the cerebella of virologically confirmed cases with little or no inflammatory response. The distribution of canine distemper virus antigen coincided with the histopathological lesions. The animals had moderate to high neutralizing titres to the virus in their sera and a low level of interferon-like activity in their cerebrospinal fluids. Isolation of viruses was most successful by the cocultivation method for brain specimens, but was possible by the direct method using lung homogenates. In infected Vero cells, the isolates derived from brain caused the formation of distinct plaques consisting of multinucleate giant cells, but the isolates from lung induced a cytopathic effect mainly consisting of cell rounding which eventually spread throughout the culture. The former infection produced less extracellular virus than the latter. The synthesis of the viral surface proteins H and F, and of M, was markedly reduced compared with that of the internal viral proteins such as NP, P and L. The SDS-PAGE migration pattern of the P protein varied from case to case, but was similar when isolates from different tissues of the same case were compared. In the affected tissues, the amount of viral polypeptides decreased markedly relative to that of the NP and there was also an absolute decrease compared to their abundance in Vero cells. This decrease was more obvious in the brain than in the lung. The relevance of these results is discussed.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

In vitro and in vivo Properties of the Virus Causing Natural Canine Distemper Encephalitis

Kimoto

1986

Journal of General Virology

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“…Similar results have been reported by others using the immunoprecipitation method (19,20,24,26,28). However, there are some conflicting reports from researchers using the same method (17,22) and also from those using other methods, i.e., solidphase radioimmunoassay (27) or immunoblotting (13). Thus, no definite conclusion has been reached as yet concerning the above problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Detection of Antibody to M Protein of Measles Virus in Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Comparative Study on Immunoprecipitation

Ohara

Tashiro

Takase

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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Consistent results have not been obtained yet on the presence of antibody to the M protein of measles virus in the sera of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).We performed a comparative study on various immunoprecipitation systems which appeared in the literature and found that the difference in the composition of the solubilizing buffer produced a large variety of results on the immunoprecipitation.[35S] Methionine-labeled Vero cells infected with the Edmonston strain of measles virus were solubilized by 10 different buffers, and reacted with hyperimmune rabbit serum to whole virus, monospecific antisera to H, NP, and M proteins of the virus, normal adults' sera, and the sera from 16 SSPE patients .The immune complex was absorbed by protein A and both solubilization and precipitation rates were compared with each viral protein.Although viral proteins were solubilized by all buffers, the solubilization rate varied considerably . M protein was solubilized and was not coprecipitated nonspecifically with any of the other viral proteins.Purified protein A conjugated to Sepharose was preferable to Staphylococcus aureus for absorption of the immune complex since the latter absorbed both viral and host proteins nonspecifically. The precipitation rates of the viral proteins also varied according to the buffers.Better solubilization of the viral proteins seemed to reduce their rate of precipitation for which the presence of SDS may be responsible, and the presence of the protease inhibitors may also affect the results of immunoprecipitation.Detection of M protein in the immunoprecipitates was largely influenced by the kind of buffer used: some buffers could detect it clearly , but others could not defect it at all. Among the solubilizing buffers tested, Saleh's buffer (Virology 93: 369-376 (1979)), which contains 0.5% DOC and 0.5% Triton X-100, was most reliable for detection of the anti-M antibody in the rabbit serum, because it showed a high solubilization and high precipitation rates of viral proteins without nonspecific absorption by protein A or coprecipitation of M proteins with any of the other proteins.Using this buffer, we could definitely detect M proteins in the immunoprecipitates from the sera of all six healthy adults and 15 out of 16 patients with SSPE. It was found, however, that the amount of M proteins in SSPE patients was lower than that in healthy adults and varied considerably.

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“…Defective measles matrix (M) protein has been recovered in some SSPE cases and was suggested as a possible underlying mechanism for persistence (11,15,20). Our previous research also demonstrated that there is significantly less viral budding in persistent versus acute MV infection of murine neuroblastoma cell lines and that this is not due to decreased viral protein synthesis, which is unimpaired (22,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Cholesterol Biosynthesis in a Neuronal Cell Line Persistently Infected with Measles Virus

Robinzon

Dafa-Berger²,

Dyer

et al. 2009

J Virol

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Measles virus remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, producing acute infection with a potential for development of viral persistence. To study the events underlying acute and persistent measles virus infection, we performed a global transcriptional analysis on murine neuroblastoma cells that were acutely or persistently infected with measles virus. In general, we found that acute infection induced significantly more gene expression changes than did persistent infection. A functional enrichment analysis to identify which host pathways were perturbed during each of these infections identified several pathways related to cholesterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol metabolic processes, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase activity, and acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity. We also found that measles virus colocalized to lipid rafts in both acute and persistent infection models and that the majority of genes associated with cholesterol synthesis were downregulated in persistent infection relative to acute infection, suggesting a possible link with the defective viral budding in persistent infection. Further, we found that pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol synthesis resulted in the inhibition of viral budding during acute infection. In summary, persistent measles viral infection was associated with decreased cholesterol synthesis, a lower abundance of cholesterol and lipid rafts in the cell membrane, and inhibition of giant-cell formation and release of viral progeny.Measles virus (MV) remains a significant health burden, claiming 450,000 lives worldwide every year, and most of the deaths occur in children (35). MV is the etiological agent of both acute measles infection and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare and devastating persistent infection of the central nervous system (7,8,12). MV is typically highly cytolytic, resulting in an acute infection that confers lifelong immunity. The reasons and underlying mechanisms of transformation into a persistent infection in some individuals remain unknown, and the pathological implications of such an infection are controversial.Although no mechanism for the transformation from acute to persistent infection has been established, partial explanations have been proposed. Defective measles matrix (M) protein has been recovered in some SSPE cases and was suggested as a possible underlying mechanism for persistence (11,15,20). Our previous research also demonstrated that there is significantly less viral budding in persistent versus acute MV infection of murine neuroblastoma cell lines and that this is not due to decreased viral protein synthesis, which is unimpaired (22,25). Viral budding in MV infection involves the incorporation of envelope proteins into the host cell membrane (5). This has been recently shown to occur in lipid rafts-cholesterol-rich domains in the cellular membrane (17,19,21,33).In this study, we used microarray analysis to compare gene expression during acute and persistent infection with MV and to id...

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Absence of M protein in a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

In vitro and in vivo Properties of the Virus Causing Natural Canine Distemper Encephalitis

In vitro and in vivo Properties of the Virus Causing Natural Canine Distemper Encephalitis

Detection of Antibody to M Protein of Measles Virus in Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Comparative Study on Immunoprecipitation

Impaired Cholesterol Biosynthesis in a Neuronal Cell Line Persistently Infected with Measles Virus

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