Absence of Food Aversion Learning in the Polyphagous Noctuid, Spodoptera litura (F.) Following Intoxication by Deleterious Chemicals

Ghumare, S. S.; Mukherjee, S. N.

doi:10.1007/s10905-005-9350-z

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This implies that the neuronal circuits responsible for consolidating and maintaining associative memories survive the extensive neurochemical modifications that accompany gregarization [ 35 ]. There are precedents for socially and toxin-induced selective memory blockades in other insects [ 38–41 ]. Unlike in previous examples, however, in desert locusts the blockade accompanies a profound shift in life history and is brought about solely by the presence of conspecifics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Transformation Affects Associative Learning in the Desert Locust

2013

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SummaryIn desert locusts, increased population densities drive phenotypic transformation from the solitarious to the gregarious phase within a generation [1–4]. Here we show that when presented with odor-food associations, the two extreme phases differ in aversive but not appetitive associative learning, with solitarious locusts showing a conditioned aversion more quickly than gregarious locusts. The acquisition of new learned aversions was blocked entirely in acutely crowded solitarious (transiens) locusts, whereas appetitive learning and prior learned associations were unaffected. These differences in aversive learning support phase-specific feeding strategies. Associative training with hyoscyamine, a plant alkaloid found in the locusts’ habitat [5, 6], elicits a phase-dependent odor preference: solitarious locusts avoid an odor associated with hyoscyamine, whereas gregarious locusts do not. Remarkably, when solitarious locusts are crowded and then reconditioned with the odor-hyoscyamine pairing as transiens, the specific blockade of aversive acquisition enables them to override their prior aversive memory with an appetitive one. Under fierce food competition, as occurs during crowding in the field, this provides a neuroecological mechanism enabling locusts to reassign an appetitive value to an odor that they learned previously to avoid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Transformation Affects Associative Learning in the Desert Locust

2013

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“…This may be because insecticides are often put on host plants, and innate feeding preferences may override an insect's experience with a noxious compound (Raffa, 1987). For example, larvae of the polyphagous Asian armyworm Spodoptera litura and fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda maintain their preference of castor leaf discs and corn (respectively) over other plants, after recovering from morbidity induced by feeding on insecticide‐treated samples of these plants (Raffa, 1987; Ghumare & Mukharjee, 2005). Similarly, Potter & Held (1999) report that adults of the polyphagous Japanese beetle Popillia japonica maintain their preference of morbidity‐inducing geranium flowers over suitable alternative hosts after recovery from morbidity induced by this plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible aversion learning in the Pacific Coast wireworm

Herk

Vernon

Harding

et al. 2010

Physiological Entomology

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The effects of carbon dioxide and the induction of morbidity on aversion learning in larvae of the Pacific Coast wireworm Limonius canus LeConte (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are discussed. Wireworms preconditioned by exposing them one or four times to odour of Tefluthrin 20SC and Dividend XLRTA [Syngenta Crop Protection (Canada), Inc., Canada] during the induction of temporary morbidity subsequently contact tefluthrin-treated wheat seeds in soil bioassays for as long as naïve (i.e. not preconditioned) larvae but are repelled four to five-fold more frequently by Dividendtreated seeds in soil bioassays than naïve wireworms, suggesting that wireworms are capable of associating a novel odour (i.e. Dividend) with morbidity but require a minimum of 10-15 min subsequent contact time with treated seeds before being repelled. Wireworms preconditioned by exposure to peppermint odour during the induction of morbidity are not subsequently repelled by peppermint odour in soil bioassays, suggesting that wireworms are either not capable of aversion learning or that the presence of a CO 2 source and/or a suitable host plant may override a negative cue (i.e. peppermint odour). In studies conducted in the absence of soil, a host plant and CO 2 production, wireworms are repelled slightly by droplets of 1.0% but not 0.1% peppermint oil. Previous exposure to peppermint odour or contact with peppermint oiltreated filter paper during one induction of morbidity does not increase the repellency of wireworms to 1.0% peppermint oil significantly. Repellency to 1.0% peppermint oil is almost eliminated when morbidity is induced five times in the absence of peppermint odour but is restored when peppermint odour is present during preconditioning. These findings suggest that wireworm sensitivity to repellent compounds decreases when repeatedly made moribund, although the results are not sufficient to conclude that wireworms are capable of associative learning.

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“…Larvicidal activity was evaluated on castor leaves (34 cm 2 ) as a preferred host, since it shows strong attractiveness and palatability for S. litura. In addition, preference for castor was not overcome by exposure to novel deleterious chemicals [33]. It has also been shown that the effect of the host on the mid gut carboxyl esterase activity, compared to the one of S. litura fed on artificial diet, was not significant [34].…”

Section: Experimental Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvicidal and Structure–Activity Studies of Natural Phenylpropanoids and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives against the Tobacco Armyworm Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bhardwaj¹,

Tewary²,

Kumar³

et al. 2010

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The larvicidal activity of 18 phenylpropanoids, 1-18, including phenylpropenoate, phenylpropenal, phenylpropene, and their semisynthetic analogues, were evaluated against the tobacco armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.), to identify promising structures with insecticidal activity. Amongst various phenylpropanoids, isosafrole, a phenylpropene, showed the best activity, with an LC(50) value of 0.6 microg/leaf cm(2), followed by its hydrogenated derivative dihydrosafrole (LC(50)=2.7 microg/leaf cm(2)). The overall larvicidal activity of various phenylpropene derivatives was observed in the following order: isosafrole (6)>dihydrosafrole (16)>safrole (12)>anethole (4)>methyl eugenol (11)>eugenol (13)>beta-asarone (8)>dihydroasarone (18)>dihydroanethole (15). Dihydrosafrole might be a promising compound, although presenting a lower larvicidal activity than isosafrole, because of its better stability and resistance to oxidative degradation (due to the removal of the extremely reactive olefinic bond) in comparison to isosafrole. Such structure-activity relationship studies promote the identification of lead structures from natural sources for the development of larvicidal products against S. litura and related insect pests.

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Absence of Food Aversion Learning in the Polyphagous Noctuid, Spodoptera litura (F.) Following Intoxication by Deleterious Chemicals

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Phenotypic Transformation Affects Associative Learning in the Desert Locust

Phenotypic Transformation Affects Associative Learning in the Desert Locust

Possible aversion learning in the Pacific Coast wireworm

Larvicidal and Structure–Activity Studies of Natural Phenylpropanoids and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives against the Tobacco Armyworm Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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