Absence of default mode downregulation in response to a mild psychological stressor marks stress-vulnerability across diverse psychiatric disorders

Oort, Jasper van; Kohn, Nils; Vrijsen, Janna N.; Collard, Rose M.; Duyser, Fleur; Brolsma, Sophie; Fernández, Guillén; Schene, Aart H.; Tendolkar, Indira; Eijndhoven, Philip van

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102176

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…In the case of HIGH stress-susceptible group, we observed that the information from these fronto-parietal regions flew to a substantially smaller number of other cortical regions. This observation was in accord with van Oort et al [29] report on a reduced connectivity in fronto-parietal network in response to stress. It was also in line with Sheline et al [82] and Kaiser et al [83] who considered such a reduced connectivity to reflect an impaired ability to suppress attention to internal emotional states.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This was in line with the previous findings that indicated the involvement of large-scale dynamically interacting brain regions in response to stress [12,14]. The use of TE also extended the previous research that primarily focused on the synchronized activity among components of such networks [15,17,[27][28][29]. Precisely, TE's strictly non-symmetric measure of information exchange facilitated the quantification of the dynamics of the information-sharing among different brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For instance, van Marle et al [24], Veer et al [25], and Vaisvaser et al [26] found increased connectivity among components of these distributed brain networks in response to stress. On the other hand, Viard et al [27], Zhang et al [28], and van Oort et al [29] reported their reduced connectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress Changes the Resting-State Cortical Flow of Information from Distributed to Frontally Directed Patterns

Keshmiri

2020

Biology

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Despite converging evidence on the involvement of large-scale distributed brain networks in response to stress, the effect of stress on the components of these networks is less clear. Although some studies identify higher regional activities in response to stress, others observe an opposite effect in the similar regions. Studies based on synchronized activities and coactivation of these components also yield similar differing results. However, these differences are not necessarily contradictory once we observe the effect of stress on these functional networks in terms of the change in information processing capacity of their components. In the present study, we investigate the utility of such a shift in the analysis of the effect of stress on distributed cortical regions through quantification of the flow of information among them. For this purpose, we use the self-assessed responses of 216 individuals to stress-related questionnaires and systematically select 20 of them whose responses showed significantly higher and lower susceptibility to stress. We then use these 20 individuals’ resting-state multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings (both Eyes-Closed (EC) and Eyes-Open (EO) settings) and compute the distributed flow of information among their cortical regions using transfer entropy (TE). The contribution of the present study is three-fold. First, it identifies that the stress-susceptibility is characterized by the change in flow of information in fronto-parietal brain network. Second, it shows that these regions are distributed bi-hemispherically and are sufficient to significantly differentiate between the individuals with high versus low stress-susceptibility. Third, it verifies that the high stress-susceptibility is markedly associated with a higher parietal-to-frontal flow of information. These results provide further evidence for the viewpoint in which the brain’s modulation of information is not necessarily accompanied by the change in its regional activity. They further construe the effect of stress in terms of a disturbance that disrupts the flow of information among the brain’s distributed cortical regions. These observations, in turn, suggest that some of the differences in the previous findings perhaps reflect different aspects of impaired distributed brain information processing in response to stress. From a broader perspective, these results posit the use of TE as a potential diagnostic/prognostic tool in identification of the effect of stress on distributed brain networks that are involved in stress-response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Stress Changes the Resting-State Cortical Flow of Information from Distributed to Frontally Directed Patterns

Keshmiri

2020

Biology

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“…Some endogenous characteristics associated with ASD, such as executive dysfunction, sensory hypersensitivity, poor emotional regulation, and di culties in socialization and communication, are likely to predispose individuals with ASD to be especially vulnerable to stressors (Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al 2015). For instance, individuals diagnosed with ASD report signi cantly higher subjective stress regarding general life and experimental stressors (Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al 2015;Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al 2017), as well as exhibit increased peripheral physiological responses to stressors, marked with enhanced cortisol release and increased heart rate, compared with those in the typical development (TD) controls (Spratt et al 2012;Taylor and Corbett 2014;van Oort et al 2020). Furthermore, these individuals do not show decreased default mode network connectivity nor increased frontoparietal network connectivity in response to stressors compared with TD controls (van Oort et al 2020), which might indicate that individuals with ASD fail to transfer effectively attention resources from their internal emotional state to the external world, and that they fully invoke emotional regulation and executive functions to support adaptive coping when facing stressors (van Oort et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, individuals diagnosed with ASD report signi cantly higher subjective stress regarding general life and experimental stressors (Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al 2015;Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al 2017), as well as exhibit increased peripheral physiological responses to stressors, marked with enhanced cortisol release and increased heart rate, compared with those in the typical development (TD) controls (Spratt et al 2012;Taylor and Corbett 2014;van Oort et al 2020). Furthermore, these individuals do not show decreased default mode network connectivity nor increased frontoparietal network connectivity in response to stressors compared with TD controls (van Oort et al 2020), which might indicate that individuals with ASD fail to transfer effectively attention resources from their internal emotional state to the external world, and that they fully invoke emotional regulation and executive functions to support adaptive coping when facing stressors (van Oort et al 2020). Evidence on relation between ASD/ATs and increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), especially in the hyperarousal and negative emotion clusters (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019;Nirit et al 2018), has further consolidated the atypical stress mechanism associated with ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a preliminary evidence based on quasi-experimental design

Zhao¹,

Zhao²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show an enhanced response to stressors, and gender plays an important role in stress response. Thus, autistic traits (ATs) in the general population and gender may regulate the emotion changes before and during the outbreak of COVID-19. The present study addressed this issue through a participants between quasi-experimental design, in which the epidemic status (before, during), gender (male, female), and AT groups (high ATs, low ATs) were independent variables, and positive and negative emotions were dependent variables. We used generalized linear models to estimate the effects of the independent variables and their interactions on emotions. The results showed that the COVID-19 outbreak reduced positive emotions and increased fear and anger. Furthermore, compared with before the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals with high ATs and females experienced stronger anger and fear than individuals with low ATs and males during the epidemic. The present study revealed the emotional impacts of COVID-19 and greater emotional susceptibility to COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with high ATs and females. Our findings provide prospective evidence for understanding the ASD/ATs-related enhanced response to pathogen threat-related stressors and have implications for COVID-19 crisis interventions.

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Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Zhao

et al. 2021

Curr Psychol

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show an enhanced response to stressors, and gender plays an important role in stress response. Thus, autistic traits (ATs) in the general population and gender may regulate the emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, participants were divided into higher and lower ATs groups. The generalized linear models were used to estimate the effects of the independent variables (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic status (before, during), gender (male, female), and AT groups (higher ATs, lower ATs) and their interactions on emotions measured by the Positive and Negative Affect scales. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic reduced positive emotions and increased fear and anger. Furthermore, compared with the status before the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with higher ATs and females experienced stronger anger and fear than individuals with lower ATs and males during the pandemic. The present study revealed the emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and greater emotional susceptibility to the pandemic among individuals with higher ATs and females. Our findings provide prospective evidence for understanding the ASD/ATs-related enhanced response to pathogen threat-related stressors and have implications for COVID-19 crisis interventions.

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Absence of default mode downregulation in response to a mild psychological stressor marks stress-vulnerability across diverse psychiatric disorders

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Stress Changes the Resting-State Cortical Flow of Information from Distributed to Frontally Directed Patterns

Stress Changes the Resting-State Cortical Flow of Information from Distributed to Frontally Directed Patterns

Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a preliminary evidence based on quasi-experimental design

Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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