Absence of Acanthosis Nigricans in a Patient With the Type B Syndrome of Insulin Resistance and Preexisting Diabetes

Stolarczyk, Richard; Laufer, Ira; Poretsky, Leonid

doi:10.2337/diacare.19.8.885

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The association of acanthosis nigricans with multiple disorders characterized by insulin resistance suggests that hyperinsulinemia plays a key role in its development. Elevated insulin levels can stimulate proliferation of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts through the interaction with the IGF-1 receptor, resulting in the plaque-like lesions that characterize the disorder (25). It is speculated that other antibodies can be related to the genesis of acanthosis nigricans when there is no hyperglycemia; however, the mechanisms that determine the presence or absence of acanthosis are still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type B insulin resistance syndrome: a systematic review

Martins

Fernandes

Carvalho

et al. 2020

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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A literature review on the clinical, laboratory, and treatment features of type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS). Data from PubMed, the Virtual Health Library and Cochrane database were selected and analyzed using the REDCap application and R statistical program. From 182 papers, 65 were selected, which assessed 119 clinical cases, 76.5% in females and 42.9% in African-Americans, with an average age of 44 years. A common feature of TBIRS is co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (most frequently reported). Hyperglycemia of difficult control was the mostly reported condition. Tests for anti-insulin receptor antibodies were positive in 44.2% of the cases. Disease management comprised fractional diet, insulin therapy (maximum dose given was 57 600 IU/day), plasmapheresis and immunosuppression with several classes of drugs, mainly glucocorticoids. Remission occurred in 69.7% of cases, in 30.3% of these spontaneously. The mortality rate was 15.38%. There was an inverse relationship between anti-insulin antibodies and remission (p = 0.033); and a positive correlation between combined immunosuppressive therapy and remission (p = 0.002). Relapse occurred in 7.6% of the cases. This rare syndrome has difficult-to-control diabetes, even with high doses of insulin, and it is usually associated with autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic advances using immunomodulatory therapy have led to significant improvements in the rate of remission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%