Abstract:A spin liquid is a novel quantum state of matter with no conventional order parameter where a finite charge gap exists even though the band theory would predict metallic behavior. Finding a stable spin liquid in two or higher spatial dimensions is one of the most challenging and debated issues in condensed matter physics. Very recently, it has been reported that a model of graphene, i.e., the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice, can show a spin liquid ground state in a wide region of the phase diagram, betw… Show more
“…[82] have been recently addressed in Ref. [83], by QMC simulations of the same model in larger clusters (containing up to 2592 sites), finding very weak evidence of a spin liquid phase.…”
Section: Hubbard Correlations and Split Bandsmentioning
Artificial honeycomb lattices offer a tunable platform to study massless Dirac quasiparticles and their topological and correlated phases. Here we review recent progress in the design and fabrication of such synthetic structures focusing on nanopatterning of two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductors, molecule-by-molecule assembly by scanning probe methods, and optical trapping of ultracold atoms in crystals of light. We also discuss photonic crystals with Dirac cone dispersion and topologically protected edge states. We emphasize how the interplay between single-particle band structure engineering and cooperative effects leads to spectacular manifestations in tunneling and optical spectroscopies.
“…[82] have been recently addressed in Ref. [83], by QMC simulations of the same model in larger clusters (containing up to 2592 sites), finding very weak evidence of a spin liquid phase.…”
Section: Hubbard Correlations and Split Bandsmentioning
Artificial honeycomb lattices offer a tunable platform to study massless Dirac quasiparticles and their topological and correlated phases. Here we review recent progress in the design and fabrication of such synthetic structures focusing on nanopatterning of two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductors, molecule-by-molecule assembly by scanning probe methods, and optical trapping of ultracold atoms in crystals of light. We also discuss photonic crystals with Dirac cone dispersion and topologically protected edge states. We emphasize how the interplay between single-particle band structure engineering and cooperative effects leads to spectacular manifestations in tunneling and optical spectroscopies.
“…For example, magnetism has experimentally been reported both in nanographene [58,59,60], and in graphite in the presence of disorder [61] or grain boundaries [62], although pristine graphene has not been found to be either magnetic [63] or gapped [64,20]. Theoretically, on-site Coulomb repulsion exceeding U > 3.9t has been found to give an antiferromagnetic state in undoped graphene in quantum Monte Carlo simulations [15,17]. This relatively large value of U is a consequence of undoped graphene being a semimetal with only a point-like Fermi surface.…”
Section: Electron Interactions In Graphenementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,16]). There, the predominant ordering tendencies are in the particle-hole channel, and usually superconductivity is not among the leading candidates.…”
Section: Undoped and Weakly Doped Graphenementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A large number of exotic states of matter has been proposed theoretically, see e.g. [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], but most have not been experimentally observed as of yet. One exception is multi-layer graphene systems where there are now experimental reports of an energy gap opening at low temperatures, which has been ascribed to interactions effects [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25].…”
Abstract. A highly unconventional superconducting state with a spin-singlet d x 2 −y 2 ± id xy -wave, or chiral d-wave, symmetry has recently been proposed to emerge from electron-electron interactions in doped graphene. Especially graphene doped to the van Hove singularity at 1/4 doping, where the density of states diverges, has been argued to likely be a chiral d-wave superconductor. In this review we summarize the currently mounting theoretical evidence for the existence of a chiral d-wave superconducting state in graphene, obtained with methods ranging from mean-field studies of effective Hamiltonians to angle-resolved renormalization group calculations. We further discuss multiple distinctive properties of the chiral d-wave superconducting state in graphene, as well as its stability in the presence of disorder. We also review means of enhancing the chiral d-wave state using proximity-induced superconductivity. The appearance of chiral d-wave superconductivity is intimately linked to the hexagonal crystal lattice and we also offer a brief overview of other materials which have also been proposed to be chiral d-wave superconductors.
“…Another model that has recently received considerable attention for its potential to realize spin-liquid states is the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice, with nearest-neighbor (NN) J 1 and next-to-nearest neighbor (NNN) J 2 exchange interactions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This is in part motivated by its close relation to the Hubbard model, for which the possibility of having a spin-liquid ground state has been under close scrutiny [17][18][19].A closely related spin model with a rich phase diagram and the promise to support a gapless spin liquid phase is the J 1 − J 2 spin-1/2 XY model on the honeycomb lattice [20,21], which is the main subject of this Rapid Communication. Its Hamiltonian can be written as…”
We study the phase diagram of the frustrated XY model on the honeycomb lattice by using accurate correlated wave functions and variational Monte Carlo simulations. Our results suggest that a spin-liquid state is energetically favorable in the region of intermediate frustration, intervening between two magnetically ordered phases. The latter ones are represented by classically ordered states supplemented with a long-range Jastrow factor, which includes relevant correlations and dramatically improves the description provided by the purely classical solution of the model. The construction of the spin-liquid state is based on a decomposition of the underlying bosonic particles in terms of spin-1/2 fermions (partons), with a Gutzwiller projection enforcing no single occupancy, as well as a long-range Jastrow factor.PACS numbers: 75.10. Kt, 67.85.Jk, 21.60.Fw, 75.10.Jm A quantum spin liquid is an exotic state in which strong quantum fluctuations (usually generated by frustration) preclude ordering or freezing, even at zero temperature [1]. Despite intensive theoretical and experimental research, finding quantum spin liquids in materials and in realistic spin models continues to be a challenge. A remarkable example where the existence of such a state has been inferred is the spin-1/2 kagome-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet, which has been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally [1][2][3], even though the precise nature of the spin-liquid state (gapped vs gapless) is still under debate [3][4][5][6]. Another model that has recently received considerable attention for its potential to realize spin-liquid states is the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice, with nearest-neighbor (NN) J 1 and next-to-nearest neighbor (NNN) J 2 exchange interactions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This is in part motivated by its close relation to the Hubbard model, for which the possibility of having a spin-liquid ground state has been under close scrutiny [17][18][19].A closely related spin model with a rich phase diagram and the promise to support a gapless spin liquid phase is the J 1 − J 2 spin-1/2 XY model on the honeycomb lattice [20,21], which is the main subject of this Rapid Communication. Its Hamiltonian can be written aswhere S α i is the αth component of the spin-1/2 operator at site i. This model can be thought of as a Haldane-Bose-Hubbard model [20,[22][23][24], i.e., the Haldane model [25] on the honeycomb lattice with NN hopping J 1 and complex NNN hopping |J 2 |e ıφ , where spinless fermions are replaced by hard-core bosons and φ = 0. Hard-core boson creation and annihilation operators can then be mapped onto spin operators ((1). The total number of bosons (N ) is related to the total magnetization in the spin language, since n i = S z i + 1/2. Here, we focus on the half-filled case, where N equals one half the number of sites (V ).This model was studied in Ref.[20] by means of exact diagonalization on small clusters. There, evidence was found supporting the existence of a spin liq...
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