Abscopal effects of radiation therapy: A clinical review for the radiobiologist

Siva, Shankar; MacManus, Michael; Martin, Roger F.; Martin, Olga A.

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.018

Cited by 356 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Enhanced binding of the PEG-GIRLRG peptide was not observed in the irradiated tumor compared with the sham irradiated tumor. This could be attributed to an abscopal effect, which may have led to similar binding of the PEG-GIRLRG peptide to the sham and irradiated tumor (35,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Specific Binding of Radiolabeled PEGylated GIRLRG Peptide: A Novel Agent for Targeting Cancers

et al. 2016

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Cancer-specific targeting sparing normal tissues would significantly enhance cancer therapy outcomes and reduce cancer-related mortality. One approach is to target receptors or molecules that are specifically expressed on cancer cells. Peptides as cancer-specific targeting agents offer advantages such as ease of synthesis, low antigenicity, and enhanced diffusion into tissues. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperone that regulates the unfolded protein response and is overexpressed in various cancers. In this study, we evaluated GIRLRG peptide that specifically targets GRP78 for cancer-specific binding (in vitro) and noninvasive tumor imaging (in vivo). Methods: GIRLRG peptide was modeled into the GRP78 ATPase domain using computational modeling. Surface plasmon resonance studies were performed to determine the affinity of GIRLRG peptide to GRP78 protein. GIRLRG was conjugated with PEG to prolong its circulation in mice. Tumor binding efficacy of PEG-GIRLRG peptide was evaluated in nude mice bearing heterotopic cervical (HT3), esophageal (OE33), pancreatic (BXPC3), lung (A549), and glioma (D54) tumors. Nano-SPECT/CT imaging of the mice was performed 48 and 72 h after injection with 111 In-labeled PEG-GIRLRG or PEG-control peptide. Post-SPECT biodistribution studies were performed 96 h after injection of the radiolabeled peptides. Results: Using molecular modeling and surface plasmon resonance, we identified that GIRLRG was binding with an affinity constant of 2.16 · 10 −3 M in the ATPase domain of GRP78. GIRLRG peptide specifically bound to cervical, lung, esophageal, and glioma cells. SPECT imaging revealed that 111 In-PEG-GIRLRG specifically bound to cervical, esophageal, pancreatic, lung, and brain tumors. Post-SPECT biodistribution data also validated the SPECT imaging results. Conclusion: GIRLRG peptide specifically binds to the ATPase domain of GRP78. Radiolabeled PEG-GIRLRG could be used to target various cancers. Further studies would be required to translate PEG-GIRLRG peptide into the clinic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Specific Binding of Radiolabeled PEGylated GIRLRG Peptide: A Novel Agent for Targeting Cancers

et al. 2016

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“…Abscopal effects have been described after conventional radiation therapy and more recently after ablative radiation therapy. 74 Two mechanistic explanations have been proposed to account for the abscopal effect: the induction of cytokines, eliciting augmented tumor surveillance, tumor growth inhibition and tumoricidal effects and/or the activation of the immune system. 75 Evidence in experimental models suggests that the abscopal effect is tumor specific and is in part immune mediated and that T cells are required to mediate distant tumor inhibition induced by radiation.…”

Section: Radiation Induced Abscopal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiobiology of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)

Garau

2017

Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy

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a b s t r a c tRecent advances in the technology of radiotherapy have enabled the development of new therapeutic modalities that deliver radiation with very high accuracy, reduced margins and high dose conformation, allowing the reduction of healthy tissue irradiated and therefore minimizing the risk of toxicity. The next step was to increase the total tumor dose using conventional fractionation (which remains the best way to relatively radioprotect healthy tissues when large volumes are treated) or to use new fractionation schemes with greater biological effectiveness. Based on the experience gained in radiosurgery, the latter way was chosen for small and well-defined tumors in the body. Stereotactic body radiotherapy delivers high doses of radiation to small and well-defined targets in an extreme hypofractionated (and accelerated) scheme with a very high biological effectiveness obtaining very good initial clinical results in terms of local tumor control and acceptable rate of late complications.In fact, we realize a posteriori that it was not feasible to administer such biologically equivalent dose in a conventional fractionation because the treatment could last several months.So far, these new therapeutic modalities have been developed due to technologic advances in image guidance and treatment delivery but without a solid biological basis. It is the role of traditional radiobiology (and molecular radiobiology) to explain the effects of high doses of ionizing radiation on tumor and normal tissues. Only through a better understanding of how high doses of ionizing radiation act, clinicians will know exactly what we do, allowing us in the future to refine our treatments. This article attempts to describe through simple and understandable concepts the known aspects of the biological action of high doses of radiation on tumor and normal tissues, but it is clear that we need much more basic research to better understand the biology of high doses of radiation.

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“…Another 10 deaths were classified as due to "unknown reasons" or due to factors that could possibly be related to sepsis (small bowel necrosis, cardiac causes, "other respiratory disease" etc.). In addition, only recently have the abscopal effects of local inflammation toxicity been described [8][9][10]. Treatments enhancing local toxicity seem to be related to a higher degree of severe complications and deaths [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepsis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation: Literature review and consensus

Mirabile

Numico²,

Russi

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

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The reporting of infection/sepsis in chemo/radiation-treated head and neck cancer patients is sparse and the problem is underestimated. A multidisciplinary group of head and neck cancer specialists from Italy met with the aim of reaching a consensus on a clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis. The Delphi appropriateness method was used for this consensus. External expert reviewers then evaluated the conclusions carefully according to their area of expertise. The paper contains seven clusters of statements about the clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis in head and neck cancer patients, which had a consensus. Furthermore, it offers a review of recent literature in these topics

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Abscopal effects of radiation therapy: A clinical review for the radiobiologist

Cited by 356 publications

References 107 publications

Tumor-Specific Binding of Radiolabeled PEGylated GIRLRG Peptide: A Novel Agent for Targeting Cancers

Tumor-Specific Binding of Radiolabeled PEGylated GIRLRG Peptide: A Novel Agent for Targeting Cancers

Radiobiology of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)

Sepsis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation: Literature review and consensus

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