Abscisic acid in saprophytic and parasitic species of fungi

Crocoll, Carmen; Kettner, Jens; Dörffling, Karl

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95171-9

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…(iii) The increasing number of fungal genomes available allows comparative evolutionary studies, since ABA biosynthesis seems to have been evolved in quite diverse groups of fungi, including ascomycetes such as Ceratocystis spp., zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and basidiomycetes such as Agrocybe praecox (8,10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The P450 Monooxygenase BcABA1 Is Essential for Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea

Siewers

Smedsgaard²,

Tudzynski

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

104

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The phytopathogenic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea is known to produce abscisic acid (ABA), which is thought to be involved in host-pathogen interaction. Biochemical analyses had previously shown that, in contrast to higher plants, the fungal ABA biosynthesis probably does not proceed via carotenoids but involves direct cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate and subsequent oxidation steps. We present here evidence that this "direct" pathway is indeed the only one used by an ABA-overproducing strain of B. cinerea. Targeted inactivation of the gene bccpr1 encoding a cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase reduced the ABA production significantly, proving the involvement of P450 monooxygenases in the pathway. Expression analysis of 28 different putative P450 monooxygenase genes revealed two that were induced under ABA biosynthesis conditions. Targeted inactivation showed that one of these, bcaba1, is essential for ABA biosynthesis: ⌬Bcaba1 mutants contained no residual ABA. Thus, bcaba1 represents the first identified fungal ABA biosynthetic gene.Fungi, especially phytopathogenic species, have been shown to produce all major classes of phytohormones (for a review, see reference 35). The best investigated fungal phytohormone system (and the only one in which the biosynthetic genes involved have been identified) is that of Gibberella fujikuroi. It has been shown that the genes involved in gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) biosynthesis are arranged in a cluster (34) and that the biosynthesis in major respects is different from the higher plant pathway (12). In this case, therefore, the original hypothesis that fungal biosynthesis of phytohormones represents a good example for a horizontal gene transfer (6) is negated. This view was confirmed recently for ethylene production in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. Chagué et al. (5) presented evidence that ethylene is synthesized via ␣-keto-␥-methylthiobutyric acid, as in prokaryotic systems, and not via the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid pathway used in higher plants.Strains of B. cinerea (like several other fungi) have also been shown to synthesize abscisic acid (ABA) (13, 18); overproducing strains are now used for biotechnological production of ABA (see the review by Tudzynski and Sharon [35]). Biosynthesis of ABA in fungi also seems to be distinct from the pathway used by higher plants (for a review, see references 19 and 23) (see Fig. 1). Biochemical analyses in various Cercospora species provide evidence that these fungi synthesize ABA directly from farnesyl diphosphate, via different oxidative steps, with either 1Ј-4Ј-dihydroxy-␥-ionylidene acetate, 1Ј-deoxy-ABA, or 1Ј-4Ј-trans-diol ABA as intermediates, and not via the carotenoid pathway used by higher plants (1,(20)(21)(22). However, the presence of the carotenoid pathway in fungi cannot be excluded (40). In B. cinerea, biosynthesis of ABA seems to follow a pathway which is similar to the major route in Cercospora pini-densiflorae, i.e., via 1Ј-4Ј-trans-diol-ABA (13). Thus far, no fungal ABA biosynthesis gene has been identi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The P450 Monooxygenase BcABA1 Is Essential for Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea

Siewers

Smedsgaard²,

Tudzynski

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

104

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“…By contrast, both the ABA-deficient aba2-1 and ABA-insensitive myc2 mutants show enhanced resistance to the necrotic fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Anderson et al, 2004). Some saprophytic or parasitic fungal species, such as Cercospora rosicola and B. cinerea, synthesize ABA (Crocoll et al, 1991;Nambara and Marion-Poll, 2005). These phenomena suggest that endogenous ABA levels in plants are an important factor in disease development and that some pathogens may use ABA to invade plant tissues.…”

Section: The Function Of Endogenous Aba In Plant Disease Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic Interaction between Systemic Acquired Resistance and the Abscisic Acid–Mediated Abiotic Stress Response in Arabidopsis

et al. 2008

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a potent innate immunity system in plants that is effective against a broad range of pathogens. SAR development in dicotyledonous plants, such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, is mediated by salicylic acid (SA). Here, using two types of SAR-inducing chemicals, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one1,1-dioxide and benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester, which act upstream and downstream of SA in the SAR signaling pathway, respectively, we show that treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) suppresses the induction of SAR in Arabidopsis. In an analysis using several mutants in combination with these chemicals, treatment with ABA suppressed SAR induction by inhibiting the pathway both upstream and downstream of SA, independently of the jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated signaling pathway. Suppression of SAR induction by the NaCl-activated environmental stress response proved to be ABA dependent. Conversely, the activation of SAR suppressed the expression of ABA biosynthesis–related and ABA-responsive genes, in which the NPR1 protein or signaling downstream of NPR1 appears to contribute. Therefore, our data have revealed that antagonistic crosstalk occurs at multiple steps between the SA-mediated signaling of SAR induction and the ABA-mediated signaling of environmental stress responses.

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“…Since its discovery as a metabolite of the phytopathogenic fungus Cercospora rosicola (Assante et al 1977), ABA has been identified in cultures of several phytopathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi (Oritani et al 1982;D6rffting et al 1984;Hirai et al 1986;Okamoto et al 1988a, b;Crocoll et al 1991). Although the role of ABA in plant diseases remains to be established, increasing evidence from studies on infected plants suggests that ABA is involved in the interaction between phytopathogenic microorganisms and their host plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and metabolism of abscisic acid in tomato leaves infected with Botrytis cinerea

Kettner

D�rffling

1995

Planta

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Abstract. Two virulent strains of Botrytis cinerea Pers., one of them (Bc 6) producing abscisic acid (ABA) via l',4'-trans-dioi-ABA in defined liquid culture, and a second strain (Bc 9) without the ability to form ABA or its fungal precursor, and two near-isogenic lines of tomato were used to study the biosynthesis and metabolism of ABA in infected isolated leaves. The tomato plants used were Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

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Abscisic acid in saprophytic and parasitic species of fungi

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

The P450 Monooxygenase BcABA1 Is Essential for Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea

The P450 Monooxygenase BcABA1 Is Essential for Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea

Antagonistic Interaction between Systemic Acquired Resistance and the Abscisic Acid–Mediated Abiotic Stress Response in Arabidopsis

Biosynthesis and metabolism of abscisic acid in tomato leaves infected with Botrytis cinerea

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