Abscisic Acid and the Developmental Regulation of Embryo Storage Proteins in Maize

Rivin, Carol J.; Grudt, Timothy

doi:10.1104/pp.95.2.358

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For example, fluridoneinhibition of ABA synthesis induces precocious germina-tion only when treatments are applied during a narrow window of maize kernel development (Fong et al, 1983). Also, we have seen that the ability of excised maize embryos to germinate varies in a stage-specific manner that cannot be directly correlated with endogenous ABA content (Rivin and Grudt, 1991). Similar results have been reported in wheat (Radley, 1979).…”

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confidence: 74%

“…Unlike other maize viviparous mutants, vp1 kernels have normal ABA content (Neill et al, 1986), but lack seed-specific responses to the hormone. The vp1 mutant embryos germinate precociously even when cultured with exogenous ABA, and they do not accumulate many maturation products in vivo or in vitro (Kriz et al, 1990;Rivin and Grudt, 1991;Rivin, 1995a, 1995b). The Vp1 gene product is expressed exclusively during seed maturation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gibberellins and Seed Development in Maize. I. Evidence That Gibberellin/Abscisic Acid Balance Governs Germination versus Maturation Pathways

et al. 2000

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is required for the regulation of seed maturation in maize (Zea mays L.). Mutants blocked in ABA synthesis (such as viviparous-5) do not mature to quiescent, desiccationtolerant seeds, but germinate on the ear midway through kernel development. Because gibberellins (GA) and ABA act antagonistically in many aspects of plant development, we hypothesized that ABA antagonizes a positive GA signal for precocious germination in maize. In these experiments, we show that a GA deficiency early in seed development, induced genetically or via biosynthesis inhibitors, suppresses vivipary in ABA-deficient developing kernels. The resulting seeds have both desiccation tolerance and storage longevity. Temporal analysis of GA accumulation in wild-type kernels revealed the accumulation of bioactive GA 1 and GA 3 prior to the peak in ABA content. We speculate that these GAs stimulate a developmental program leading to vivipary in the absence of normal amounts of ABA, and that a reduction of GA content reestablishes an ABA/GA ratio appropriate for suppression of germination and induction of maturation. In contrast, the induction of a GA deficiency did not suppress vivipary in viviparous-1 mutant kernels, suggesting that VP1 acts downstream of both GA and ABA in programming seed development.

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confidence: 74%

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Gibberellins and Seed Development in Maize. I. Evidence That Gibberellin/Abscisic Acid Balance Governs Germination versus Maturation Pathways

et al. 2000

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“…The alternative splicing change in the maize NACTF109 C-terminal region may result in altered protein localization or activity and may also affect its NMD targeting due to a change in 39 UTR length. This, in turn, could affect ABA levels in the developing embryo, where it is known to control dormancy and other processes (Rivin and Grudt, 1991). A number of genes associated with disease responsiveness were also regulated over the course of development, predominantly in endosperm.…”

Section: Seed Embryo and Endosperm Undergo Hundreds Of Developmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing during Development and Drought Stress in Maize

et al. 2015

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Alternative splicing plays a crucial role in plant development as well as stress responses. Although alternative splicing has been studied during development and in response to stress, the interplay between these two factors remains an open question. To assess the effects of drought stress on developmentally regulated splicing in maize (Zea mays), 94 RNA-seq libraries from ear, tassel, and leaf of the B73 public inbred line were constructed at four developmental stages under both well-watered and drought conditions. This analysis was supplemented with a publicly available series of 53 libraries from developing seed, embryo, and endosperm. More than 48,000 novel isoforms, often with stage-or condition-specific expression, were uncovered, suggesting that developmentally regulated alternative splicing occurs in thousands of genes. Drought induced large developmental splicing changes in leaf and ear but relatively few in tassel. Most developmental stage-specific splicing changes affected by drought were tissue dependent, whereas stage-independent changes frequently overlapped between leaf and ear. A linear relationship was found between gene expression changes in splicing factors and alternative spicing of other genes during development. Collectively, these results demonstrate that alternative splicing is strongly associated with tissue type, developmental stage, and stress condition.After transcription, the majority of eukaryotic premRNA is subjected to a series of posttranscriptional modifications, including the removal of introns to form a mature mRNA (Stamm et al., 2005). Although some introns are removed constitutively, many can be processed in a variety of alternative ways, including exon skipping, intron retention, alternative acceptor, alternative donor, and alternative position (change in both acceptor and donor positions; Lorkovic et al., 2000). These alternative splicing events form a crucial regulatory level and have the ability to alter an mRNA's stability, localization, and protein products. Alternative splicing events are controlled by a variety of cis-elements, including the presence of consensus splice sequences at the intron-exon border and intronic and exonic splicing enhancer sequences (Pertea et al., 2007). Trans-acting factors also exert a strong effect on splicing and are mostly composed of Ser/Arg-rich proteins, which typically promote intron removal, and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, which typically inhibit it (Erkelenz et al., 2013). A host of other indirect factors can affect splicing, including transcription rate, methylation status, and any cellular conditions that alter RNA secondary structure (Kornblihtt et al

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“…Thomas, unpublished results). In maize, ABA is required for the initiation of synthesis and accumulation of storage globulins (Rivin and Grudt, 1991). Little is known about the sequences involved in ABA-responsive expression of seed protein genes, the only examples being those of the sunflower helianthinin genes (Table l).…”

Section: Dista1 Regulatory Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression during plant embryogenesis and germination: an overview.

Thomas

1993

Plant Cell

229

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INTRODUCTIONSeed development represents a unique transition state in the life cycle of higher plants, providing the physical link between parenta1 and progeny sporophytic generations. During embrye genesis, the root and shoot apical meristems are specified, thus establishing the basic architecture of the seedling, and differentiation of vegetative tissue and organ systems occurs. Maturation events prepare the seed for germination and subsequent development of the mature plant. During maturation, the developing seed increases dramatically in volume and mass due to significant cell expansion and the concomitant accumulation and storage of protein and lipid to be used as nitrogen and carbon sources during germination. Early during the maturation phase, abscisic acid (ABA) levels reach a maximum, suppressing precocious germination and modulating gene expression. Desiccation ensures seed dormancy even in the absence of ABA and serves as the boundary between seed maturation and germination. Following imbibition, germination and seedling growth ensue, driven metabolically by the hydrolysis of protein and lipid stored during maturation.This review will provide an eclectic overview of gene expression in angiosperm embryogenesis and germination. I will focus primarily on dicot plants and will address only a small number of the more than 3 x 104 different genes expressed in embryos and seedlings. First, gene expression in early embryogenesis will be reviewed, focusing on selected results obtained with carrot somatic embryos. Control of gene expression during seed maturation will then be discussed, with an emphasis on cis-and tfans-acting factors involved in regulating maturation phase genes. A brief description of gene expression during germination and the relationship of embryonic and vegetative gene expression programs will follow. The review will conclude with a prospectus for the study of global gene expression patterns in early embryos. GENE EXPRESSION IN EARLY EMBRYOSAlthough most of the major discernible morphogenetic events in plants occur after germination, the overall architectural pattern of the mature plant is established during embryogenesis (see West and Harada, 1993, this issue). Following fertilization, an asymmetric division of the zygote of many dicots yields a basal cell that will produce the suspensor and an apical cellthe first embryonic cell. Ensuing cleavages of the apical cell yield a radially symmetric globular embryo with a differentiated protoderm, or dermatogen. Further cell divisions and subsequent morphogenesis break radial symmetry, yielding the bilaterally symmetric, heart stage embryo with root and shoot apices, incipient cotyledons, and provascular tissue (for recent reviews, se8 Meinke, 1991;Van Engelen and De Vries, 1992;De Jong et al., 1993a;West and Harada, 1993, this issue). So far, few genes have been identified that are expressed specifically during early embryogenesis, primarily because of technical difficulties associated with the mass ratios of the embryo and the surrounding mate...

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Abscisic Acid and the Developmental Regulation of Embryo Storage Proteins in Maize

Cited by 59 publications

References 24 publications

Gibberellins and Seed Development in Maize. I. Evidence That Gibberellin/Abscisic Acid Balance Governs Germination versus Maturation Pathways

Gibberellins and Seed Development in Maize. I. Evidence That Gibberellin/Abscisic Acid Balance Governs Germination versus Maturation Pathways

Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing during Development and Drought Stress in Maize

Gene expression during plant embryogenesis and germination: an overview.

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